Peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccine: Current trends in clinical application

• Published in: Cell proliferation 2021-05, Vol.54 (5), p.e13025-n/a
• Main Authors: Liu, Wensi, Tang, Haichao, Li, Luanfeng, Wang, Xiangyi, Yu, Zhaojin, Li, Jianping
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adjuvant and nanomaterial; Adjuvants; Adjuvants, Immunologic - chemistry; Adverse events; Anticancer properties; Antigen (tumor-associated); Antigens; Antigens, Neoplasm - chemistry; Antigens, Neoplasm - metabolism; Antitumor activity; Breast cancer; Cancer; cancer immunotherapy; Cancer vaccines; Cancer Vaccines - administration & dosage; Cancer Vaccines - adverse effects; Cancer Vaccines - immunology; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism; Cell cycle; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Clinical trials; combination strategy; Dendritic cells; Effectiveness; epitope peptides; Epitopes; Epitopes - immunology; Epitopes - therapeutic use; Erythema - etiology; Helper cells; Human papillomavirus; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immunotherapy; Kinases; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Lung cancer; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Machine learning; Melanoma; Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Neoplasms - pathology; Neoplasms - therapy; Neural networks; Peptides; Peptides - adverse effects; Peptides - immunology; Peptides - therapeutic use; peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccine; Proteins; Review; Reviews; Telomerase; Tumors; Vaccines; Vascular endothelial growth factor
• ISSN: 0960-7722; 1365-2184
• DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13025

The peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines have attracted enormous attention in recent years as one of the effective treatments of tumour immunotherapy. Most of peptide‐based vaccines are based on epitope peptides stimulating CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T helper cells to target tumour‐associated antigens (TAAs) or tumour‐specific antigens (TSAs). Some adjuvants and nanomaterials have been exploited to optimize the efficiency of immune response of the epitope peptide to improve its clinical application. At present, numerous peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and achieved significant clinical benefits. Similarly, the combination of peptide‐based vaccines and other therapies has demonstrated a superior efficacy in improving anti‐cancer activity. We delve deeper into the choices of targets, design and screening of epitope peptides, clinical efficacy and adverse events of peptide‐based vaccines, and strategies combination of peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines and other therapies. The review will provide a detailed overview and basis for future clinical application of peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines. Despite few clinical successes, peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines have raised hopes in recent years. Therefore, better understanding of immune response, clinical benefits and adverse events, the formulations, and the promising combination strategies with conventional therapies foster development of the next generation of peptide‐based cancer vaccines.