Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Primary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Similarities, Differences and Phenocopies

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and primary restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) have a similar genetic background as they are both caused mainly by variants in sarcomeric genes. These “sarcomeric cardiomyopathies” also share diastolic dysfunction as the prevalent pathophysiological mechanism. Startin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2021-05, Vol.10 (9), p.1954
Main Authors: Vio, Riccardo, Angelini, Annalisa, Basso, Cristina, Cipriani, Alberto, Zorzi, Alessandro, Melacini, Paola, Thiene, Gaetano, Rampazzo, Alessandra, Corrado, Domenico, Calore, Chiara
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cardiomyopathy
Clinical medicine
Disease
Epigenetics
Fatalities
Genes
Genotype & phenotype
Heart failure
Morphology
Physiology
Review
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Summary:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and primary restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) have a similar genetic background as they are both caused mainly by variants in sarcomeric genes. These “sarcomeric cardiomyopathies” also share diastolic dysfunction as the prevalent pathophysiological mechanism. Starting from the observation that patients with HCM and primary RCM may coexist in the same family, a characteristic pathophysiological profile of HCM with restrictive physiology has been recently described and supports the hypothesis that familiar forms of primary RCM may represent a part of the phenotypic spectrum of HCM rather than a different genetic cardiomyopathy. To further complicate this scenario some infiltrative (amyloidosis) and storage diseases (Fabry disease and glycogen storage diseases) may show either a hypertrophic or restrictive phenotype according to left ventricular wall thickness and filling pattern. Establishing a correct etiological diagnosis among HCM, primary RCM, and hypertrophic or restrictive phenocopies is of paramount importance for cascade family screening and therapy.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm10091954