Dual impedance cardiography: An inexpensive and reliable method to assess arterial stiffness

• Published in: Psychophysiology 2021-07, Vol.58 (7), p.e13772-n/a
• Main Authors: Scudder, Mark R., Jennings, J. Richard, DuPont, Caitlin M., Lockwood, Kimberly G., Gadagkar, Shrenik H., Best, Belen, Jasti, Swetha P., Gianaros, Peter J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aging; Aging - physiology; Aorta; Autonomic nervous system; Blood Circulation; blood flow (e.g. ASL; doppler); blood pressure; Cardiography, Impedance - instrumentation; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Female; heart rate variability; Humans; impedance cardiography; Lower Extremity; Male; Psychophysiology; Pulse Wave Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Thorax; Vascular Stiffness - physiology
• ISSN: 0048-5772; 1469-8986; 1540-5958
• DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13772

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a common measure of arterial stiffness. Non‐invasive methods to measure PWV are widely used in biomedical studies of aging and cardiovascular disease, but they are rarely used in psychophysiology. Barriers to wider use include the prohibitive costs of specialized equipment and need for trained technicians (e.g., ultrasonographers). Here, we describe an impedance cardiography method to measure PWV. By this method, impedance signals are dually collected from the thorax and calf. Combined with ensemble averaging of vascular signals, this dual impedance cardiography (d‐ICG) method allows for the measurement of aortic flow onset and the arrival time of peripheral pulse waveforms to compute PWV. In a community sample of adults (aged 19–78 years), PWV measured with d‐ICG exhibited a strong positive correlation with age. Moreover, age‐specific mean PWV values were within the normative reference intervals established by large scale studies using other techniques. PWV derived from d‐ICG exhibited high test‐retest reliability across several days, as well as excellent inter‐rater reliability. Last, PWV exhibited expected associations with known cardiovascular disease risk factors and indicators of autonomic cardiovascular control. d‐ICG is an inexpensive and reliable method to assess arterial stiffness. Impact Statement We describe a relatively low‐cost and reliable methodology based on impedance cardiography to assess arterial pulse wave velocity. Pulse wave velocity is an important index of arterial stiffness that is strongly related to increased age and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, as well as aspects of cerebrovascular health and cognitive function. This methodology lends itself to broader use in psychophysiology, behavioral medicine, and allied fields of study.