The nature of cell division forces in epithelial monolayers

Epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes during division to ensure proper segregation of genetic and cytoplasmic materials. These morphological changes occur despite dividing cells being mechanically restricted by neighboring cells, indicating the need for extracellular force generati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of cell biology 2021-08, Vol.220 (8), p.1
Main Authors: Gupta, Vivek K, Nam, Sungmin, Yim, Donghyun, Camuglia, Jaclyn, Martin, Judy Lisette, Sanders, Erin Nicole, O'Brien, Lucy Erin, Martin, Adam C, Kim, Taeyoon, Chaudhuri, Ovijit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
Biophysics
Cell Communication
Cell Cycle and Division
Cell Division
Cell Shape
Chromosome Segregation
Chromosomes
Computer Simulation
Contraction
Dogs
Drosophila melanogaster - genetics
Drosophila melanogaster - metabolism
Drosophila Proteins - genetics
Drosophila Proteins - metabolism
Elongation
Epithelial cells
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Epithelial Cells - physiology
Epithelium
Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
Mechanotransduction, Cellular
Microscopy, Confocal
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Models, Biological
Morphology
Rounding
Stress, Mechanical
Time Factors
Time-Lapse Imaging
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Summary:Epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes during division to ensure proper segregation of genetic and cytoplasmic materials. These morphological changes occur despite dividing cells being mechanically restricted by neighboring cells, indicating the need for extracellular force generation. Beyond driving cell division itself, forces associated with division have been implicated in tissue-scale processes, including development, tissue growth, migration, and epidermal stratification. While forces generated by mitotic rounding are well understood, forces generated after rounding remain unknown. Here, we identify two distinct stages of division force generation that follow rounding: (1) Protrusive forces along the division axis that drive division elongation, and (2) outward forces that facilitate postdivision spreading. Cytokinetic ring contraction of the dividing cell, but not activity of neighboring cells, generates extracellular forces that propel division elongation and contribute to chromosome segregation. Forces from division elongation are observed in epithelia across many model organisms. Thus, division elongation forces represent a universal mechanism that powers cell division in confining epithelia.
ISSN:0021-9525
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.202011106