SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate in Reno, Nevada: association with PM2.5 during the 2020 wildfire smoke events in the western United States

• Published in: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2021-09, Vol.31 (5), p.797-803
• Main Authors: Kiser, Daniel, Elhanan, Gai, Metcalf, William J., Schnieder, Brendan, Grzymski, Joseph J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2020 AD; Air Pollutants - adverse effects; Air Pollutants - analysis; Air pollution; Confidence intervals; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Health aspects; Humans; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nevada; Pandemics; Particles; Particulate matter; Particulate Matter - adverse effects; Particulate Matter - analysis; Risk factors; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Smoke; Smoke - adverse effects; Statistics; Time series; United States - epidemiology; Wildfires
• ISSN: 1559-0631; 1559-064X; 1559-064X
• DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00366-w

Background Air pollution has been linked to increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Thus, it has been suggested that wildfire smoke events may exacerbate the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives Our goal was to examine whether wildfire smoke from the 2020 wildfires in the western United States was associated with an increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Reno, Nevada. Methods We conducted a time-series analysis using generalized additive models to examine the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate at a large regional hospital in Reno and ambient PM2.5 from 15 May to 20 Oct 2020. Results We found that a 10 µg/m 3 increase in the 7-day average PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 6.3% relative increase in the SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.5 to 10.3%. This corresponded to an estimated 17.7% (CI: 14.4–20.1%) increase in the number of cases during the time period most affected by wildfire smoke, from 16 Aug to 10 Oct. Significance Wildfire smoke may have greatly increased the number of COVID-19 cases in Reno. Thus, our results substantiate the role of air pollution in exacerbating the pandemic and can help guide the development of public preparedness policies in areas affected by wildfire smoke, as wildfires are likely to coincide with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.