Cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive appraisal of its modes of application (Review)

Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have reached their therapeutic potential, leaving a gap for developing more effective cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells evade the immune system using various mechanisms of immune tolerance, underlying the potential impact of i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oncology letters 2021-09, Vol.22 (3), p.1, Article 655
Main Authors: Hoteit, Mira, Oneissi, Zeina, Reda, Ranim, Wakim, Fadi, Zaidan, Amar, Farran, Mohammad, Abi-Khalil, Elie, El-Sibai, Mirvat
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adoptive cell transfer
B cells
Cancer
Cancer Research
Cancer therapies
Cancer vaccines
Chemotherapy
Cytokines
Drug therapy
Health aspects
Human health sciences
immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune response
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Kidney cancer
Lymphocytes
Melanoma
Metastasis
Monoclonal antibodies
Oncology
Polyethylene glycol
Proteins
Radiotherapy
Response rates
Review
Sciences de la santé humaine
Tumors
Vaccines
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Summary:Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have reached their therapeutic potential, leaving a gap for developing more effective cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells evade the immune system using various mechanisms of immune tolerance, underlying the potential impact of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy includes several approaches such as activating the immune system in a cytokine-dependent manner, manipulating the feedback mechanisms involved in the immune response, enhancing the immune response via lymphocyte expansion and using cancer vaccines to elicit long-lasting, robust responses. These techniques can be used as monotherapies or combination therapies. The present review describes the immune-based mechanisms involved in tumor cell proliferation and maintenance and the rationale underlying various treatment methods. In addition, the present review provides insight into the potential of immunotherapy used alone or in combination with various types of therapeutics. Key words: cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies
ISSN:1792-1074
1792-1082
1792-1082
DOI:10.3892/ol.2021.12916