Advances in Immunotherapy for Adult Glioblastoma

Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. With the advent of therapies that revitalize the anti-tumor immune response, several immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed for treatment of GBM. In this review, we su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2021-07, Vol.13 (14), p.3400
Main Authors: Chokshi, Chirayu R., Brakel, Benjamin A., Tatari, Nazanin, Savage, Neil, Salim, Sabra K., Venugopal, Chitra, Singh, Sheila K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Brain cancer
Brain tumors
Chimeric antigen receptors
Clinical trials
Cytomegalovirus
Glioblastoma
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immunotherapy
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Microenvironments
Monoclonal antibodies
Patients
Peptides
Proteins
Review
Tumor cells
Tumors
Vaccines
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. With the advent of therapies that revitalize the anti-tumor immune response, several immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed for treatment of GBM. In this review, we summarize recent clinical and preclinical efforts to evaluate vaccination strategies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Although these modalities have shown long-term tumor regression in subsets of treated patients, the underlying biology that may predict efficacy and inform therapy development is being actively investigated. Common to all therapeutic modalities are fundamental mechanisms of therapy evasion by tumor cells, including immense intratumoral heterogeneity, suppression of the tumor immune microenvironment and low mutational burden. These insights have led efforts to design rational combinatorial therapies that can reignite the anti-tumor immune response, effectively and specifically target tumor cells and reliably decrease tumor burden for GBM patients.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers13143400