Presence and Levels of Galactosyllactoses and Other Oligosaccharides in Human Milk and Their Variation during Lactation and According to Maternal Phenotype

Among the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the galactosyllactoses (GLs) are only limitedly studied. This study aims to describe the presence and relative levels of HMOS, including GLs, in human milk (HM) according to maternal Secretor and Lewis (SeLe) phenotype and lactation stage. Relative level...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2021-07, Vol.13 (7), p.2324
Main Authors: Eussen, Simone R. B. M., Mank, Marko, Kottler, Robert, Hoffmann, Xenia-Katharina, Behne, Alexander, Rapp, Erdmann, Stahl, Bernd, Mearin, M. Luisa, Koletzko, Berthold
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Blood groups
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
Enzymes
Genes
Genotype & phenotype
Lactation
Lactose
Low concentrations
Milk
Oligosaccharides
Phenotypes
Postpartum
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Summary:Among the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the galactosyllactoses (GLs) are only limitedly studied. This study aims to describe the presence and relative levels of HMOS, including GLs, in human milk (HM) according to maternal Secretor and Lewis (SeLe) phenotype and lactation stage. Relative levels of 19 HMOS were measured in 715 HM samples collected in the first 4 months postpartum from 371 donors participating in the PreventCD study. From a subset of 24 Dutch women (171 HM samples), samples were collected monthly up to 12 months postpartum and were additionally analyzed for relative and absolute levels of β6′-GL, β3′-GL and α3′-GL. Maternal SeLe phenotype or HM group was assigned based on the presence of specific fucosylated HMOS. Most HMOS, including β6′- and β3′-GL, were present in the vast majority (≥75%) of HM samples, whereas others (e.g., LNDFH II, 2′-F-LNH and α3′-GL) only occurred in a low number (
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu13072324