Polystyrene and Polyethylene Microplastics Decrease Cell Viability and Dysregulate Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers of MDCK and L929 Cells In Vitro

• Published in: Exposure and health 2022-03, Vol.14 (1), p.75-85
• Main Authors: Palaniappan, Swetha, Sadacharan, Chakravarthy Marx, Rostama, Bahman
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Cell lines; Cell viability; Cells; Cellular stress response; Cytokines; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Environmental Health; Epithelial cells; Epithelium; Gene expression; Inflammation; Mammalian cells; Mammals; Medical research; Metabolism; Microplastics; Microspheres; Original Paper; Oxidative stress; Plastic debris; Plastic pollution; Pollution; Polyethylene; Polyethylenes; Polystyrene; Polystyrene resins; Superoxide dismutase; Tires; Waste Water Technology; Water and Health; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water Quality/Water Pollution; β-Interferon
• ISSN: 2451-9766; 2451-9685
• DOI: 10.1007/s12403-021-00419-3

Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are a growing concern to many ecosystems, as well as human health. Many of the effects of microplastics on mammalian cells and tissues remain unknown. To address this, we treated L929 murine fibroblasts and Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell lines with 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, or 20 μg/mL of polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) microspheres in vitro for 6 and 24 h and measured the resulting changes in cell viability, metabolism, and transcriptional expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes. We observed dose-dependent decreases in cell viability corresponding to increases in doses of both PE and PS. We conducted cell metabolism assays and observed dose-dependent increases in metabolism per cell with increasing doses of both PE and PS. Similarly, we also observed increased expression of the superoxide dismutase-3 gene ( SOD3 ), indicating oxidative stress caused by the microplastics treatments. We also observed increased expression of TNFα , but decreased expression of IFNβ , suggesting different mechanisms by which the microplastics regulate inflammatory responses in mammalian cells. Our results contribute new data to the growing understanding of the effects of microplastics on mammalian cells and indicate complex cellular stress responses to microplastics in the environment.