Neuroimaging correlates of emotional response-inhibition discriminate between young depressed adults with and without sub-threshold bipolar symptoms (Emotional Response-inhibition in Young Depressed Adults)

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders 2021-02, Vol.281, p.303-311
• Main Authors: Cha, Jungwon, Speaker, Sidra, Hu, Bo, Altinay, Murat, Koirala, Parashar, Karne, Harish, Spielberg, Jeffrey, Kuceyeski, Amy, Dhamala, Elvisha, Anand, Amit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bipolar Depression; Bipolar Disorder - diagnostic imaging; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnostic imaging; Emotional response inhibition; Emotions; Facial Expression; fMRI; Humans; Machine learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging; Subthreshold bipolar disorder Young adults; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0165-0327; 1573-2517
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.037

•Use of a modified emotional Go/No-go fMRI paradigm•Performance of a multivariate machine learning classification•Classification for young depressed subjects at risk for developing bipolar disorder Many subjects with major depression (MDD) exhibit subthreshold mania symptoms (MDD+). This study investigated, for the first time, using emotional inhibition tasks, whether the neural organization of MDD+ subjects is more similar to bipolar depression (BDD) or to MDD subjects without subthreshold bipolar symptoms (MDD-). This study included 118 medication-free young adults (15 – 30 yrs.): 20 BDD, 28 MDD+, 41 MDD- and 29 HC subjects. Participants underwent fMRI during emotional and non-emotional Go/No-go tasks during which they responded for Go stimuli and inhibited response for happy, fear, and non-emotional (gender) faces No-go stimuli. Univariate linear mixed-effects (LME) analysis for group effects and multivariate Gaussian Process Classifier (GPC) analyses were conducted. MDD- group compared to both the BDD and MDD+ groups, exhibited significantly lower activation in parietal, temporal and frontal regions (cluster-wise corrected p