Passively-sensed Behavioral Correlates of Discrimination Events in College Students

• Published in: Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction 2019-11, Vol.3 (CSCW), p.1-29
• Main Authors: Sefidgar, Yasaman S., Seo, Woosuk, Kuehn, Kevin S., Althoff, Tim, Browning, Anne, Riskin, Eve, Nurius, Paula S., Dey, Anind K., Mankoff, Jennifer
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2573-0142; 2573-0142
• DOI: 10.1145/3359216

A deep understanding of how discrimination impacts psychological health and well-being of students could allow us to better protect individuals at risk and support those who encounter discrimination. While the link between discrimination and diminished psychological and physical well-being is well established, existing research largely focuses on chronic discrimination and long-term outcomes. A better understanding of the short-term behavioral correlates of discrimination events could help us to concretely quantify such experiences, which in turn could support policy and intervention design. In this paper we specifically examine, for the first time, what behaviors change and in what ways in relation to discrimination. We use actively-reported and passively-measured markers of health and well-being in a sample of 209 first-year college students over the course of two academic quarters. We examine changes in indicators of psychological state in relation to reports of unfair treatment in terms of five categories of behaviors: physical activity, phone usage, social interaction, mobility, and sleep. We find that students who encounter unfair treatment become more physically active, interact more with their phone in the morning, make more calls in the evening, and spend more time in bed on the day of the event. Some of these patterns continue the next day. Our results further our understanding of the impact of discrimination and can inform intervention work.