A Study on Circular Economy Material Using Fish Scales as a Natural Flame Retardant and the Properties of Its Composite Materials

Fish scales (FSs) are fishery wastes that can cause environmental pollution. This study aimed to solve this environmental problem. FSs were used as a flame retardant for polymer materials, making them valuable. Fish scales were combined with a commercial flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP)...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2021-07, Vol.13 (15), p.2446
Main Authors: Liu, Shang-Hao, Shen, Ming-Yuan, Yang, Cheng-You, Chiang, Chin-Lung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Circular economy
Classification
Collagen
Composite materials
Cost analysis
Elections
Epoxy resins
Fire resistance
Fireproofing
Fisheries
Flame retardants
Flammability
Hydroxyapatite
Morphology
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Polymers
Pyrolysis
Raman spectroscopy
Residues
Synergistic effect
Thermal stability
Thermodynamic properties
Thermogravimetric analysis
Variance analysis
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Fish scales (FSs) are fishery wastes that can cause environmental pollution. This study aimed to solve this environmental problem. FSs were used as a flame retardant for polymer materials, making them valuable. Fish scales were combined with a commercial flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), through synergistic effects to reduce the amount of commercial flame retardant. The use of FSs conforms to the concept of a circular economy and lowers costs by reducing the consumption of APP. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT), pyrolysis kinetics, limiting oxygen index (LOI), the Underwriters Laboratories 94 (UL94) flammability test, scanning election microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine the thermal properties, flame retardant properties, flame retardant mechanism, char morphology, and composition of the composites. The TGA results indicated that the addition of 40% flame retardant raised the char residue from 16.45 wt.% (pure EP) to 36.07 wt.%; IPDT from 685.6 °C (pure EP) to 1143.1°C; LOI from 21% (pure EP) to 30%; and UL94 classification from fail (pure EP) to V-0. These results suggest an increase in char residue, which indicates better protection of the polymer matrix material. The improvements in IPDT, LOI, and UL94 classification, which indicate greater thermal stability, lower flammability (from flammable to fireproof), and higher flammability rating (from fail to V-0), respectively, suggest that the composite material has favorable thermal properties and is less inflammable.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym13152446