Fatigue Testing of Wearable Sensing Technologies: Issues and Opportunities

Standards for the fatigue testing of wearable sensing technologies are lacking. The majority of published fatigue tests for wearable sensors are performed on proof-of-concept stretch sensors fabricated from a variety of materials. Due to their flexibility and stretchability, polymers are often used...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2021-07, Vol.14 (15), p.4070
Main Authors: Persons, Andrea Karen, Ball, John E, Freeman, Charles, Macias, David M, Simpson, Chartrisa LaShan, Smith, Brian K, Burch V, Reuben F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon nanotubes
Drug delivery systems
Fatigue cracks
Fatigue failure
Fatigue life
Fatigue tests
FDA approval
Graphene
High cycle fatigue
Inks
Life prediction
Low cycle fatigue
Medical equipment
Polymers
Prediction models
Review
Sensors
Stretchability
Textiles
Wearable technology
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Summary:Standards for the fatigue testing of wearable sensing technologies are lacking. The majority of published fatigue tests for wearable sensors are performed on proof-of-concept stretch sensors fabricated from a variety of materials. Due to their flexibility and stretchability, polymers are often used in the fabrication of wearable sensors. Other materials, including textiles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive metals or inks, may be used in conjunction with polymers to fabricate wearable sensors. Depending on the combination of the materials used, the fatigue behaviors of wearable sensors can vary. Additionally, fatigue testing methodologies for the sensors also vary, with most tests focusing only on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) regime, and few sensors are cycled until failure or runout are achieved. Fatigue life predictions of wearable sensors are also lacking. These issues make direct comparisons of wearable sensors difficult. To facilitate direct comparisons of wearable sensors and to move proof-of-concept sensors from "bench to bedside", fatigue testing standards should be established. Further, both high-cycle fatigue (HCF) and failure data are needed to determine the appropriateness in the use, modification, development, and validation of fatigue life prediction models and to further the understanding of how cracks initiate and propagate in wearable sensing technologies.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma14154070