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Detrimental effect of diabetes and hypertension on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection: A multi-center case-control study from India
This study aims to find a quantitative association between the presence of co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) with COVID-19 infection severity and mortality. A total of 813 patients with a positive COVID-19 were included. A case-control design was used to dissect the associ...
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| Published in: | Diabetes & metabolic syndrome clinical research & reviews 2021-09, Vol.15 (5), p.102248-102248, Article 102248 |
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| container_end_page | 102248 |
| container_issue | 5 |
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| container_title | Diabetes & metabolic syndrome clinical research & reviews |
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| creator | Jayaswal, Sneha Kumar Singh, Shalendra Malik, Prabhat Singh Venigalla, Sri Krishna Gupta, Pallavi Samaga, Shreyas N. Hota, Rabi Narayan Bhatia, Surinder Singh Gupta, Ishaan |
| description | This study aims to find a quantitative association between the presence of co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) with COVID-19 infection severity and mortality.
A total of 813 patients with a positive COVID-19 were included. A case-control design was used to dissect the association between DM and HTN with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
According to MOHFW guidelines, 535 (65.7%) patients had mild, 160 (19.7%) patients had moderate, and 118 (14.5%) patients had severe disease outcomes including mortality in 52 patients. Age, Neutrophil%, and Diabetes status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection. After adjusting for age, patients with diabetes were 2.46 times more likely to have severe disease (Chi-squared = 18.89, p-value |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102248 |
| format | article |
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A total of 813 patients with a positive COVID-19 were included. A case-control design was used to dissect the association between DM and HTN with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
According to MOHFW guidelines, 535 (65.7%) patients had mild, 160 (19.7%) patients had moderate, and 118 (14.5%) patients had severe disease outcomes including mortality in 52 patients. Age, Neutrophil%, and Diabetes status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection. After adjusting for age, patients with diabetes were 2.46 times more likely to have severe disease (Chi-squared = 18.89, p-value<0.0001) and 2.11 times more likely to have a fatal outcome (Chi-squared = 6.04, p-value = 0.014). However, we did not find evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.
COVID-19 severity and mortality both were significantly associated with the status of DM and its risk may not be modified by the presence of HTN.
•63.1% of the COVID-19 patients had some form of comorbidities at the time of hospitalization.•Patients with diabetes and COVID-19 patients had 2.46 times more risk of severe disease.•Age, Neutrophil%, and DM status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection.•No evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1871-4021</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1878-0334</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-0334</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102248</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34412000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Co-morbidities ; Comorbidity ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - complications ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - mortality ; COVID-19 - pathology ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus - mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - complications ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Hypertension - mortality ; India - epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Original ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 - physiology ; Severity ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Diabetes & metabolic syndrome clinical research & reviews, 2021-09, Vol.15 (5), p.102248-102248, Article 102248</ispartof><rights>2021 Diabetes India</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2021 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2021 Diabetes India</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-5cfeb9f4fdb826559ffd21b82c0de703bee6decb0dff62a83fe9af3b2115a1503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-5cfeb9f4fdb826559ffd21b82c0de703bee6decb0dff62a83fe9af3b2115a1503</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1112-3431 ; 0000-0001-6004-2876</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34412000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jayaswal, Sneha Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Shalendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malik, Prabhat Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venigalla, Sri Krishna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Pallavi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samaga, Shreyas N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hota, Rabi Narayan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhatia, Surinder Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Ishaan</creatorcontrib><title>Detrimental effect of diabetes and hypertension on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection: A multi-center case-control study from India</title><title>Diabetes & metabolic syndrome clinical research & reviews</title><addtitle>Diabetes Metab Syndr</addtitle><description>This study aims to find a quantitative association between the presence of co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) with COVID-19 infection severity and mortality.
A total of 813 patients with a positive COVID-19 were included. A case-control design was used to dissect the association between DM and HTN with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
According to MOHFW guidelines, 535 (65.7%) patients had mild, 160 (19.7%) patients had moderate, and 118 (14.5%) patients had severe disease outcomes including mortality in 52 patients. Age, Neutrophil%, and Diabetes status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection. After adjusting for age, patients with diabetes were 2.46 times more likely to have severe disease (Chi-squared = 18.89, p-value<0.0001) and 2.11 times more likely to have a fatal outcome (Chi-squared = 6.04, p-value = 0.014). However, we did not find evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.
COVID-19 severity and mortality both were significantly associated with the status of DM and its risk may not be modified by the presence of HTN.
•63.1% of the COVID-19 patients had some form of comorbidities at the time of hospitalization.•Patients with diabetes and COVID-19 patients had 2.46 times more risk of severe disease.•Age, Neutrophil%, and DM status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection.•No evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Co-morbidities</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - complications</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - mortality</subject><subject>COVID-19 - pathology</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - mortality</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - complications</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hypertension - mortality</subject><subject>India - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - physiology</subject><subject>Severity</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1871-4021</issn><issn>1878-0334</issn><issn>1878-0334</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UctuEzEUtRCIPuAD2CAv2UzwayYzICFVKaWRKnVT2Foe-5o4mrGD7YnIZ_DHeJpSlU0lS75X95xzHwehd5QsKKHNx-3CpN8LRhgtOWOifYFOabtsK8K5eHkf00qU8gk6S2lLSF13rHuNTrgQlBFCTtGfS8jRjeCzGjBYCzrjYLFxqocMCStv8Oawg5jBJxc8Li9vACfYQ3T5cA8YQyz0OSvU1e2P9WVFO-z8rFY4n_AFHqchu0qXPhCxVgkqHXyOYcApT-aAbQwjXvvS9w16ZdWQ4O3Df46-X329W11XN7ff1quLm0qLmuaq1hb6zgpr-pY1ZTFrDaMl1sTAkvAeoDGge2KsbZhquYVOWd4zSmtFa8LP0Zej7m7qRzDzaFENcleuoeJBBuXk_xXvNvJn2MuWN6JZiiLw4UEghl8TpCxHlzQMg_IQpiRZ3XDBRM1nKD1CdQwpRbCPbSiRs5VyK4uVcrZSHq0snPdP53tk_POuAD4fAVCutHcQZdIOvAbjYjm8NME9I_8X3OKzLg</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Jayaswal, Sneha Kumar</creator><creator>Singh, Shalendra</creator><creator>Malik, Prabhat Singh</creator><creator>Venigalla, Sri Krishna</creator><creator>Gupta, Pallavi</creator><creator>Samaga, Shreyas N.</creator><creator>Hota, Rabi Narayan</creator><creator>Bhatia, Surinder Singh</creator><creator>Gupta, Ishaan</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Diabetes India. 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A total of 813 patients with a positive COVID-19 were included. A case-control design was used to dissect the association between DM and HTN with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
According to MOHFW guidelines, 535 (65.7%) patients had mild, 160 (19.7%) patients had moderate, and 118 (14.5%) patients had severe disease outcomes including mortality in 52 patients. Age, Neutrophil%, and Diabetes status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection. After adjusting for age, patients with diabetes were 2.46 times more likely to have severe disease (Chi-squared = 18.89, p-value<0.0001) and 2.11 times more likely to have a fatal outcome (Chi-squared = 6.04, p-value = 0.014). However, we did not find evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.
COVID-19 severity and mortality both were significantly associated with the status of DM and its risk may not be modified by the presence of HTN.
•63.1% of the COVID-19 patients had some form of comorbidities at the time of hospitalization.•Patients with diabetes and COVID-19 patients had 2.46 times more risk of severe disease.•Age, Neutrophil%, and DM status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection.•No evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>34412000</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102248</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1112-3431</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-2876</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Diabetes & metabolic syndrome clinical research & reviews, 2021-09, Vol.15 (5), p.102248-102248, Article 102248 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Co-morbidities Comorbidity COVID-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - mortality COVID-19 - pathology Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus - mortality Female Humans Hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - epidemiology Hypertension - mortality India - epidemiology Male Middle Aged Mortality Original Retrospective Studies Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 - physiology Severity Severity of Illness Index Young Adult |
| title | Detrimental effect of diabetes and hypertension on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection: A multi-center case-control study from India |
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