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A Proposed Clinical Classification and a Diagnostic Approach for Congenital Ataxias
This review proposes a clinical classification for congenital ataxias based on clinical features, neuroimaging, and course of the disease. Congenital ataxias are an unusual group of neurologic disorders, with heterogeneous clinical and genetic presentation. Typical clinical features of congenital at...
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Published in: | Neurology. Clinical practice 2021-06, Vol.11 (3), p.e328-e336 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | This review proposes a clinical classification for congenital ataxias based on clinical features, neuroimaging, and course of the disease.
Congenital ataxias are an unusual group of neurologic disorders, with heterogeneous clinical and genetic presentation. Typical clinical features of congenital ataxias include variable degrees of motor developmental delay, very early onset cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment, and hypotonia, frequently mistakenly diagnosed as cerebral palsy. Congenital ataxias are usually nonprogressive. Neuroimaging plays an important role in the characterization of congenital ataxias. Despite the development of genetics with exome sequencing, several congenital ataxias remain undetermined, and medical literature on this topic is scarce.
A didactic classification based on the clinical and neuroimaging features for congenital ataxias include the following 4 main groups: cerebellar malformation, syndromic congenital ataxias, congenital cerebellar hypoplasia, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia. A diagnostic approach for congenital ataxias is proposed, and its differential diagnosis is also discussed. |
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ISSN: | 2163-0402 2163-0933 |
DOI: | 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000966 |