Molecular mechanisms in septic shock (Review)

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of infection and systemic inflammatory response to infection and results from a complex interaction between the host and infectious agents. It is characterized by the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways, with an increased risk of mortali...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2021-10, Vol.22 (4), Article 1161
Main Authors: Gorecki, Gabriel, Cochior, Daniel, Moldovan, Cosmin, Rusu, Elena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Cardiac arrhythmia
Catheters
Cytokines
Development and progression
Diabetes
Diagnosis
Endothelium
Enzymes
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Hypotension
Infections
Metabolism
Mortality
Permeability
Physiological aspects
Review
Sepsis
Septic shock
Tumors
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Sepsis is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of infection and systemic inflammatory response to infection and results from a complex interaction between the host and infectious agents. It is characterized by the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways, with an increased risk of mortality. The incidence of sepsis has been on an ever-increasing pathway in recent years. Sepsis can be induced by several clinical situations that predispose to its occurrence: malignant tumors, organ transplantation, AIDS, radiation therapy, burns, sores, polytrauma, diabetes mellitus, hepatic failure, renal failure, malnutrition, catheters or different invasive devices, and urinary catheters. The microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis are Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococci, Streptococci) and Gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli), fungi (Candida), parasites, and viruses. Among mechanisms involved in septic shock production, two pathological phenomena appear: the profound decompensation of circulation and metabolic disturbances that evolve towards an irreversible state. The intimate mechanism of shock involves the activation of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils by lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. The microvascular bed is directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of disorders of acute inflammatory states associated with or without sepsis. A better comprehension of sepsis pathophysiology, especially the molecular mechanisms of septic shock, allows for new therapeutic perspectives.
ISSN:1792-0981
1792-1015
DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10595