Ruling Out Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Pneumonia: The Role of Blood Cell Count and Lung Ultrasound

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a distinctive blood leucocyte pattern and B-lines on lung ultrasound (LUS) as marker of alveolar-interstitial syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of blood leucocyte count alone or in combination with LUS for COVID-19 diagnosis. We retro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2021-08, Vol.10 (16), p.3481
Main Authors: Biolo, Gianni, Fiotti, Nicola, Cominotto, Franco, Di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio, Panizon, Emiliano, Altamura, Nicola, Casarsa, Chiara, Pipoli, Alessandro, Giordano, Mauro, Torelli, Lucio, Mearelli, Filippo, Vinci, Pierandrea
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Blood
Clinical medicine
Comorbidity
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease transmission
Drug dosages
Dyspnea
Emergency medical care
Infections
Internal medicine
Laboratories
Pandemics
Patients
Pneumonia
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Ultrasonic imaging
Ventilators
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Summary:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a distinctive blood leucocyte pattern and B-lines on lung ultrasound (LUS) as marker of alveolar-interstitial syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of blood leucocyte count alone or in combination with LUS for COVID-19 diagnosis. We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) at hospital admission to derive and validate cutoff values for blood cell count that could be predictive of COVID-19 before confirmation by the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Cutoff values, generated and confirmed in inception (41/115, positive/negative patients) and validation (100/180, positive/negative patients) cohorts, were ≤17 and ≤10 cells/mm3 for basophils and eosinophils, respectively. Basophils and/or eosinophils below cutoff were associated with sensitivity of 98% (95%CI, 94–100) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.04 (95%CI, 0.01–0.11). In a subgroup of 265 subjects, the sensitivity of B-line on LUS was 15% lower (p < 0.001) than that of basophils and/or eosinophils below cutoff. The combination of B-lines with basophils and eosinophils below cutoff was associated with a moderate increase of the positive likelihood ratio: 5.0 (95%CI, 3.2–7.7). In conclusion, basophil and eosinophil counts above the generated cutoff virtually rule out COVID-19 in patients with CAP. Our findings can help optimize patient triage pending the NAAT results.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm10163481