The role of immunogenic cell death in gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy (Review)

Modern cancer immunotherapy techniques are aimed at enhancing the responses of the patients' immune systems to fight against the cancer. The main promising strategies include active vaccination of tumor antigens, passive vaccination with antibodies specific to cancer antigens, adoptive transfer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical reports 2021-10, Vol.15 (4), p.1-86, Article 86
Main Authors: Songjang, Worawat, Nensat, Chatchai, Pongcharoen, Sutatip, Jiraviriyakul, Arunya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants
Adoptive transfer
Antibodies
Anticancer properties
Antigen (tumor-associated)
Antigens
Apoptosis
B cells
Biochemistry
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer therapies
Cell death
Cell surface
Chemotherapy
Cytotoxicity
Damage patterns
Drug therapy
FDA approval
Gastrointestinal cancer
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Immune checkpoint
Immune response
Immune system
Immunogenicity
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunotherapy
Infections
Innate immunity
Liver cancer
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Metastasis
Patients
Radiation therapy
Review
Risk factors
T cells
Tumor antigens
Tumors
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viral antibodies
Viruses
Zoledronic acid
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Summary:Modern cancer immunotherapy techniques are aimed at enhancing the responses of the patients' immune systems to fight against the cancer. The main promising strategies include active vaccination of tumor antigens, passive vaccination with antibodies specific to cancer antigens, adoptive transfer of cancer-specific T cells and manipulation of the patient's immune response by inhibiting immune checkpoints. The application of immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers has been proven to enhance the immunity of patients undergoing various types of immunotherapy. The dying, stressed or injured cells release or present molecules on the cell surface, which function as either adjuvants or danger signals for detection by the innate immune system. These molecules are now termed 'damage-associated molecular patterns'. The term 'ICD' indicates a type of cell death that triggers an immune response against dead-cell antigens, particularly those derived from cancer cells, and it was initially proposed with regards to the effects of anticancer chemotherapy with conventional cytotoxic drugs. The aim of the present study was to review and discuss the role and mechanisms of ICD as a promising combined immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key words: immunogenic cell death, gastrointestinal cancer, immunotherapy, immune response
ISSN:2049-9434
2049-9442
DOI:10.3892/br.2021.1462