Use of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in pediatric intensive care unit – a single-center experience

• Published in: Revista Paulista de Pediatria 2022-01, Vol.40
• Main Authors: Meireles, Daniel, Fernandes, Sofia Ribeiro, Sarmento, Alzira, Barbosa, Telma, Magalhães, Manuel Ferreira, Ramos, Ana, Fernandes, Paula Cristina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case Report; Critical care; Deoxyribonuclease I; Pulmonary atelectasis; Ventilation
• ISSN: 0103-0582; 1984-0462
• DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020169

ABSTRACT Objective: Dornase alfa (rhDNase) reduces the viscosity of purulent sputum in the lungs. The use in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is proven. However, the evidence of its applicability to other conditions is limited. This study aims to present the authors’ experience with the use of rhDNase in non-CF patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). At the study center, rhDNase was used during flexible bronchoscopies in 24 cases, of which 20 (83%) had atelectasis and seven (29%) were admitted to PICU. Four patients (57%) were on invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Case description: Two cases of daily rhDNase administration at PICU are presented: patient A was an 8-year-old boy admitted with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient required mechanical ventilation with aggressive settings and experienced several clinical complications. On D50, he started rhDNase treatment with an improvement in FiO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio according to radiologic findings. He was extubated on D23 of treatment. Patient B was a 17-month-old girl admitted with a convulsive status epilepticus who experienced respiratory complications (infectious and barotrauma) with ARDS, requiring aggressive ventilation. She initiated rhDNase treatment on D60. During the treatment an improvement in FiO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and a tendency of PaCO2 decrease were found. She had radiological improvement. No complications were described. Comments: RhDNase may be a helpful and safe tool to use in PICU prolonged intubated patients with ventilator-induced lung injury. Further studies are needed to assess and propose valid indications. RESUMO Objetivo: A dornase alfa (rhDNase) reduz a viscosidade da expectoração pulmonar purulenta. O seu benefício em doentes com fibrose cística (FC) é comprovado, no entanto, as evidências da sua aplicabilidade em outras patologias são limitadas. Este estudo pretende apresentar a nossa experiência com a utilização de rhDNase em doentes não-FC internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). No nosso centro, utilizamos rhDNase em 24 casos, durante broncoscopia flexível. Desses, 20 (83%) apresentaram atelectasia e sete (29%) foram admitidos na UCIP. Quatro doentes (57%) estavam em ventilação mecânica (VM). Descrição do caso: Apresentamos dois casos de administração diária de rhDNase na UTIP: o paciente A tem 8 anos, sexo masculino, internado por choque séptico e síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda