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PANoptosis in Viral Infection: The Missing Puzzle Piece in the Cell Death Field
[Display omitted] •Programmed cell death (PCD) is a key host defense mechanism during viral infection.•PANoptosis is an inflammatory PCD pathway that occurs during viral infections.•PANoptosis has key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis.•PANoptosis can contribute to both host defen...
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Published in: | Journal of molecular biology 2022-02, Vol.434 (4), p.167249-167249, Article 167249 |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | [Display omitted]
•Programmed cell death (PCD) is a key host defense mechanism during viral infection.•PANoptosis is an inflammatory PCD pathway that occurs during viral infections.•PANoptosis has key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis.•PANoptosis can contribute to both host defense and disease pathogenesis.
In the past decade, emerging viral outbreaks like SARS-CoV-2, Zika and Ebola have presented major challenges to the global health system. Viruses are unique pathogens in that they fully rely on the host cell to complete their lifecycle and potentiate disease. Therefore, programmed cell death (PCD), a key component of the host innate immune response, is an effective strategy for the host cell to curb viral spread. The most well-established PCD pathways, pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, can be activated in response to viruses. Recently, extensive crosstalk between PCD pathways has been identified, and there is evidence that molecules from all three PCD pathways can be activated during virus infection. These findings have led to the emergence of the concept of PANoptosis, defined as an inflammatory PCD pathway regulated by the PANoptosome complex with key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis that cannot be accounted for by any of these three PCD pathways alone. While PCD is important to eliminate infected cells, many viruses are equipped to hijack host PCD pathways to benefit their own propagation and subvert host defense, and PCD can also lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation. Therefore, PANoptosis induced by viral infection contributes to either host defense or viral pathogenesis in context-specific ways. In this review, we will discuss the multi-faceted roles of PCD pathways in controlling viral infections. |
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ISSN: | 0022-2836 1089-8638 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167249 |