Sexual Differentiation Specifies Cellular Responses to DNA Damage

Significant sex differences exist across cellular, tissue organization, and body system scales to serve the distinct sex-specific functions required for reproduction. They are present in all animals that reproduce sexually and have widespread impacts on normal development, aging, and disease. Observ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Endocrinology (Philadelphia) 2021-11, Vol.162 (11), p.1
Main Authors: Broestl, Lauren, Rubin, Joshua B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological - physiology
Aging - physiology
Animals
Cell differentiation
Damage
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Differentiation
DNA
DNA damage
DNA Damage - physiology
DNA repair
DNA Repair - physiology
Endocrinology
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Female
Fertilization
Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism
Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology
Hormones
Hormones, Sex
Humans
Male
Mini-Review
Sex Characteristics
Sex chromosomes
Sex differentiation
Sex Differentiation - physiology
Sex hormones
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Summary:Significant sex differences exist across cellular, tissue organization, and body system scales to serve the distinct sex-specific functions required for reproduction. They are present in all animals that reproduce sexually and have widespread impacts on normal development, aging, and disease. Observed from the moment of fertilization, sex differences are patterned by sexual differentiation, a lifelong process that involves mechanisms related to sex chromosome complement and the epigenetic and acute activational effects of sex hormones. In this mini-review, we examine evidence for sex differences in cellular responses to DNA damage, their underlying mechanisms, and how they might relate to sex differences in cancer incidence and response to DNA-damaging treatments.
ISSN:0013-7227
1945-7170
DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqab192