Copy Number Changes and Allele Distribution Patterns of Chromosome 21 in B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Chromosome 21 is the most affected chromosome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Many of its numerical and structural abnormalities define diagnostically and clinically important subgroups. To obtain an overview about their types and their approximate genetic subgroup-specific incidence and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2021-09, Vol.13 (18), p.4597
Main Authors: Abbasi, M. Reza, Nebral, Karin, Haslinger, Sabrina, Inthal, Andrea, Zeitlhofer, Petra, König, Margit, Schinnerl, Dagmar, Köhrer, Stefan, Strehl, Sabine, Panzer-Grümayer, Renate, Mann, Georg, Attarbaschi, Andishe, Haas, Oskar A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Alleles
Bone marrow
Capillary electrophoresis
Children
Chromosome 21
Chromosomes
Copy number
Cytogenetics
Genes
Genomes
Hybridization
Leukemia
Lymphatic leukemia
Manufacturers
Meiosis
Patients
Recombination
Runx1 protein
Trisomy
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Summary:Chromosome 21 is the most affected chromosome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Many of its numerical and structural abnormalities define diagnostically and clinically important subgroups. To obtain an overview about their types and their approximate genetic subgroup-specific incidence and distribution, we performed cytogenetic, FISH and array analyses in a total of 578 ALL patients (including 26 with a constitutional trisomy 21). The latter is the preferred method to assess genome-wide large and fine-scale copy number abnormalities (CNA) together with their corresponding allele distribution patterns. We identified a total of 258 cases (49%) with chromosome 21-associated CNA, a number that is perhaps lower-than-expected because ETV6-RUNX1-positive cases (11%) were significantly underrepresented in this array-analyzed cohort. Our most interesting observations relate to hyperdiploid leukemias with tetra- and pentasomies of chromosome 21 that develop in constitutionally trisomic patients. Utilizing comparative short tandem repeat analyses, we were able to prove that switches in the array-derived allele patterns are in fact meiotic recombination sites, which only become evident in patients with inborn trisomies that result from a meiosis 1 error. The detailed analysis of such cases may eventually provide important clues about the respective maldistribution mechanisms and the operative relevance of chromosome 21-specific regions in hyperdiploid leukemias.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers13184597