The Open Cell Form of 3D-Printed Titanium Improves Osteconductive Properties and Adhesion Behavior of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Titanium specimens have been proven to be safe and effective biomaterials in terms of their osseo-integration. To improve the bioactivity and develop customized implants titanium, the surface can be modified with selective laser melting (SLM). Moreover, the design of macro-porous structures has beco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2021-09, Vol.14 (18), p.5308
Main Authors: Gallorini, Marialucia, Zara, Susi, Ricci, Alessia, Mangano, Francesco Guido, Cataldi, Amelia, Mangano, Carlo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Additive manufacturing
Aluminum
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Cell adhesion
Chemical polishing
Dental implants
Dental pulp
Design modifications
Electropolishing
Laser beam melting
Lasers
Morphology
Open cell porosity
Rapid prototyping
Stem cells
Surgical implants
Three dimensional printing
Titanium
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Summary:Titanium specimens have been proven to be safe and effective biomaterials in terms of their osseo-integration. To improve the bioactivity and develop customized implants titanium, the surface can be modified with selective laser melting (SLM). Moreover, the design of macro-porous structures has become popular for reaching a durable bone fixation. 3D-printed titanium (Titanium A, B, and C), were cleaned using an organic acid treatment or with electrochemical polishing, and were characterized in terms of their surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Next, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) were cultured on titanium in order to analyze their biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and osteoconductive properties. All tested specimens were biocompatible, due to the time-dependent increase of DPSC proliferation paralleled by the decrease of LDH released. Furthermore, data highlighted that the open cell form with interconnected pores of titanium A, resembling the inner structure of the native bone, allows cells to better adhere inside the specimen, being proteins related to cell adherence highly expressed. Likewise, titanium A displays more suitable osteoconductive properties, being the profile of osteogenic markers improved compared to titanium B and C. The present work has demonstrated that the inner design and post-production treatments on titanium surfaces have a dynamic influence on DPSC behavior toward adhesion and osteogenic commitment.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma14185308