Brown Adipose Tissue, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profile in Preschool Children

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2021-10, Vol.106 (10), p.2901-2914
• Main Authors: Tint, Mya Thway, Michael, Navin, Sadananthan, Suresh Anand, Huang, Jonathan Yinhao, Khoo, Chin Meng, Godfrey, Keith M, Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi, Lek, Ngee, Tan, Kok Hian, Yap, Fabian, Velan, S Sendhil, Gluckman, Peter D, Chong, Yap-Seng, Karnani, Neerja, Chan, Shiao-Yng, Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing, Lee, Kuan Jin, Lee, Yung-Seng, Hu, Houchun Harry, Zhang, Cuilin, Fortier, Marielle V, Eriksson, Johan G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abdominal Fat - metabolism; Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism; Adipose tissues; Adiposity - physiology; Asians - statistics & numerical data; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Metabolic Diseases - metabolism; Metabolome - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Pediatric Obesity - metabolism; Prospective Studies; Singapore
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab447

An inverse relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity has previously been reported in older children and adults but is unknown in young children. We investigated the influence of BAT in thermoneutral condition on adiposity and metabolic profile in Asian preschool children. A total of 198 children aged 4.5 years from a prospective birth cohort study, Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) were successfully studied with water-fat magnetic resonance imaging of the supraclavicular and axillary fat depot (FDSA). Regions within FDSA with fat-signal-fraction between 20% and 80% were considered BAT, and percentage BAT (%BAT; 100*BAT volume/ FDSA volume) was calculated. Abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes, ectopic fat in the soleus muscle and liver, fatty liver index, metabolic syndrome scores, and markers of insulin sensitivity. A 1% unit increase in %BAT was associated with lower body mass index, difference (95% CI), -0.08 (-0.10, -0.06) kg/m2 and smaller abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes. Ethnicity and sex modified these associations. In addition, each unit increase in %BAT was associated with lower ectopic fat at 4.5 years in the liver, -0.008% (-0.013%, -0.003%); soleus muscle, -0.003% (-0.006%, -0.001%) of water content and lower fatty liver index at 6 years. Higher %BAT is associated with a more favorable metabolic profile. BAT may thus play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The observed ethnic and sex differences imply that the protective effect of BAT may vary among different groups.