The brain in pediatric chronic kidney disease–the intersection of cognition, neuroimaging, and clinical biomarkers

Brain growth and development occur at peak rates in early childhood through adolescence, and for some children, this must happen in conjunction with chronic kidney disease (CKD), associated medical conditions, and their treatment(s). This review provides an overview of key findings to date on the to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) West), 2020-12, Vol.35 (12), p.2221-2229
Main Authors: Harshman, Lyndsay A., Hooper, Stephen R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Children
Chronic kidney failure
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition disorders
Cognitive ability
Complications and side effects
Development and progression
Diseases
Health aspects
Kidney diseases
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Nephrology
Neuroimaging
Pediatric research
Pediatrics
Physiological aspects
Prognosis
Quality of life
Review
Risk factors
Social discrimination learning
Urology
What’s New in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Summary:Brain growth and development occur at peak rates in early childhood through adolescence, and for some children, this must happen in conjunction with chronic kidney disease (CKD), associated medical conditions, and their treatment(s). This review provides an overview of key findings to date on the topic of the brain in pediatric CKD. Here, we specifically address the topics of neuroimaging and cognition in pediatric CKD with consideration to biomarkers of disease progression that may impact cognition. Current cognitive data suggest that most children with mild to moderate CKD do not exhibit significant cognitive impairments, but, rather, the presence of somewhat lower intellectual abilities and subtle deficits in selected executive functions. Although promising, modern neuroimaging data remain inconclusive in linking cognitive findings to neuroimaging correlates in the pediatric CKD population. Certainly, it is important to note that even subtle cognitive concerns can present barriers to learning, social functioning, and overall quality of life if not appropriately recognized or addressed. Further longitudinal research utilizing concurrent and targeted cognitive and neuroimaging evaluations is warranted to better understand the impact of CKD progression on brain development and associated neurocognitive outcomes.
ISSN:0931-041X
1432-198X
DOI:10.1007/s00467-019-04417-1