Concepts in Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy

Oncolytic adenovirus therapy is gaining importance as a novel treatment option for the management of various cancers. Different concepts of modification within the adenovirus vector have been identified that define the mode of action against and the interaction with the tumour. Adenoviral vectors al...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-10, Vol.22 (19), p.10522
Main Authors: Mantwill, Klaus, Klein, Florian Gerhard, Wang, Dongbiao, Hindupur, Sruthi Vasantamadhava, Ehrenfeld, Maximilian, Holm, Per Sonne, Nawroth, Roman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenoviruses
Binding sites
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell death
Clinical trials
Expression vectors
Gene therapy
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Immune system
Oncolysis
Prostate
Proteins
Regulation
Replication
Review
Transcription factors
Transgenes
Tumors
Vectors (Biology)
Viruses
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Summary:Oncolytic adenovirus therapy is gaining importance as a novel treatment option for the management of various cancers. Different concepts of modification within the adenovirus vector have been identified that define the mode of action against and the interaction with the tumour. Adenoviral vectors allow for genetic manipulations that restrict tumour specificity and also the expression of specific transgenes in order to support the anti-tumour effect. Additionally, replication of the virus and reinfection of neighbouring tumour cells amplify the therapeutic effect. Another important aspect in oncolytic adenovirus therapy is the virus induced cell death which is a process that activates the immune system against the tumour. This review describes which elements in adenovirus vectors have been identified for modification not only to utilize oncolytic adenovirus vectors into conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) that allow replication specifically in tumour cells but also to confer specific characteristics to these viruses. These advances in development resulted in clinical trials that are summarized based on the conceptual design.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms221910522