Understanding the Molecular Dynamics of Dual Crosslinked Networks by Dielectric Spectroscopy

The combination of vulcanizing agents is an adequate strategy to develop multiple networks that consolidate the best of different systems. In this research, sulfur (S), and zinc oxide ( ZnO) were combined as vulcanizing agents in a matrix of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR). The resulting dual net...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2021-09, Vol.13 (19), p.3234
Main Authors: Utrera-Barrios, Saul, Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes, Araujo-Morera, Javier, González, Sergio, Verdejo, Raquel, López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel, Hernández Santana, Marianella
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abrasion resistance
Broadband
Chains
Corrosion resistance
Crosslinking
Curing
Elastomers
Molecular dynamics
Networks
Nitrile rubber
Rubber
Solvents
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Sulfur
Tensile strength
Toluene
Vulcanization
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxides
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Summary:The combination of vulcanizing agents is an adequate strategy to develop multiple networks that consolidate the best of different systems. In this research, sulfur (S), and zinc oxide ( ZnO) were combined as vulcanizing agents in a matrix of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR). The resulting dual network improved the abrasion resistance of up to ~15% compared to a pure ionically crosslinked network, and up to ~115% compared to a pure sulfur-based covalent network. Additionally, the already good chemical resistance of XNBR in non-polar fluids, such as toluene and gasoline, was further improved with a reduction of up to ~26% of the solvent uptake. A comprehensive study of the molecular dynamics was performed by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) to complete the existing knowledge on dual networks in XNBR. Such analysis showed that the synergistic behavior that prevails over purely ionic vulcanization networks is related to the restricted motions of rubber chain segments, as well as of the trapped chains within the ionic clusters that converts the vulcanizate into a stiffer and less solvent-penetrable material, improving abrasion resistance and chemical resistance, respectively. This combined network strategy will enable the production of elastomeric materials with improved performance and properties on demand.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym13193234