Critical Involvement of Glial Cells in Manganese Neurotoxicity

Over the years, most of the research concerning manganese exposure was restricted to the toxicity of neuronal cells. Manganese is an essential trace element that in high doses exerts neurotoxic effects. However, in the last two decades, efforts have shifted toward a more comprehensive approach that...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2021-10, Vol.2021, p.1596185-16
Main Authors: Soto-Verdugo, Jazmín, Ortega, Arturo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical research
Brain injury
Cytotoxicity
Degeneration
Glial cells
Glial plasticity
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Humans
Manganese
Manganese - toxicity
Metabolism
Models, Biological
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurogenesis
Neuroglia
Neuroglia - drug effects
Neuroglia - pathology
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons
Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity Syndromes - pathology
Neurotoxins - toxicity
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Parkinson's disease
Physiology
Review
Synaptic plasticity
Synaptogenesis
Toxicity
Trace elements
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Summary:Over the years, most of the research concerning manganese exposure was restricted to the toxicity of neuronal cells. Manganese is an essential trace element that in high doses exerts neurotoxic effects. However, in the last two decades, efforts have shifted toward a more comprehensive approach that takes into account the involvement of glial cells in the development of neurotoxicity as a brain insult. Glial cells provide structural, trophic, and metabolic support to neurons. Nevertheless, these cells play an active role in adult neurogenesis, regulation of synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Disturbances in glial cell function can lead to neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the pivotal role that glial cells have in manganese-induced neurotoxicity as well as the most sounding mechanisms involved in the development of this phenomenon.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2021/1596185