Targeting Inflammatory Signaling in Prostate Cancer Castration Resistance

Although castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a whole, by its name, refers to the tumors that relapse and/or regrow independently of androgen after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), untreated tumor, even in early-stage primary prostate cancer (PCa), contains androgen-independent (AI) PCa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2021-10, Vol.10 (21), p.5000
Main Authors: Zhong, Shangwei, Huang, Changhao, Chen, Zhikang, Chen, Zihua, Luo, Jun-Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ablation
Androgens
Chemokines
Clinical medicine
Cytokines
Disease
Growth factors
Inflammation
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Prostate cancer
Radiation therapy
Review
Roles
Stem cells
Transcription factors
Tumors
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Summary:Although castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a whole, by its name, refers to the tumors that relapse and/or regrow independently of androgen after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), untreated tumor, even in early-stage primary prostate cancer (PCa), contains androgen-independent (AI) PCa cells. The transformation of androgen-dependent (AD) PCa to AI PCa under ADT is a forced evolutionary process, in which the small group of AI PCa cells that exist in primary tumors has the unique opportunity to proliferate and expand selectively and dominantly, while some AD PCa cells that have escaped from ADT-induced death acquire the capability to survive in an androgen-depleted environment. The adaptation and reprogramming of both PCa cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) under ADT make PCa much stronger than primary tumors so that, currently, there are no effective therapeutic methods available for the treatment of CRPC. Many mechanisms have been found to be related to the emergence and maintenance of PCa castration resistance; in this review, we focus on the role of inflammatory signaling in both PCa cells and the TME for the emergence and maintenance of CRPC and summarize the recent advances of therapeutic strategies that target inflammatory signaling for the treatment of CRPC.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm10215000