Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Damage: Review of the Current Treatment Possibilities

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a disorder with heterogeneous manifestation due to asphyxia during perinatal period. It affects approximately 3-12 children per 1000 live births and cause death of 1 million neonates worldwide per year. Besides, motor disabilities, seizures, impaired muscl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiological research 2020-12, Vol.69 (Suppl 3), p.S379-S401
Main Authors: FRAJEWICKI, A, LAŠTŮVKA, Z, BORBÉLYOVÁ, V, KHAN, S, JANDOVÁ, K, JANIŠOVÁ, K, OTÁHAL, J, MYSLIVEČEK, J, RILJAK, V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Asphyxia
Births
Brain damage
Brain injury
Brain research
Cerebral palsy
Clinical trials
Convulsions & seizures
Cooling
Encephalopathy
Epilepsy
Erythropoietin
Homeostasis
Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Inflammation
Intensive care
Ischemia
Melatonin
Metabolism
Methods
Neonates
Neuroprotection
Pathophysiology
Review
Seizures
Umbilical cord
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Summary:Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a disorder with heterogeneous manifestation due to asphyxia during perinatal period. It affects approximately 3-12 children per 1000 live births and cause death of 1 million neonates worldwide per year. Besides, motor disabilities, seizures, impaired muscle tone and epilepsy are few of the consequences of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Despite an extensive research effort regarding various treatment strategies, therapeutic hypothermia with intensive care unit supportive treatment remains the only approved method for neonates who have suffered from moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, these protocols are only partially effective given that many infants still suffer from severe brain damage. Thus, further research to systematically test promising neuroprotective treatments in combination with hypothermia is essential. In this review, we discussed the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and delved into different promising treatment modalities, such as melatonin and erythropoietin. However, preclinical studies and clinical trials are still needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of these modalities.
ISSN:0862-8408
1802-9973
DOI:10.33549/physiolres.934595