Clinical and laboratory factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19): A systematic review and meta‐analysis

• Published in: Reviews in Medical Virology 2021-11, Vol.31 (6), p.e2288-n/a
• Main Authors: Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Abozaid, Ali Ahmed‐Fouad, Ha, Nam Xuan, Le Quang, Loc, Gad, Abdelrahman Gamil, Tiwari, Ranjit, Nhat‐Le, Tran, Quyen, Dinh Kim, AL‐Manaseer, Balqees, Kien, Nguyen Dang, Vuong, Nguyen Lam, Zayan, Ahmad Helmy, Nhi, Le Huu Hanh, Surya Dila, Kadek Agus, Varney, Joseph, Tien Huy, Nguyen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; ARDS; Comorbidity; Coronaviruses; Cough - drug therapy; Cough - mortality; Cough - pathology; Cough - virology; COVID-19; COVID-19 - mortality; COVID-19 - pathology; COVID-19 - virology; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; critical; Death; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology; Dyspnea - drug therapy; Dyspnea - mortality; Dyspnea - pathology; Dyspnea - virology; Fatigue - drug therapy; Fatigue - mortality; Fatigue - pathology; Fatigue - virology; Fever - drug therapy; Fever - mortality; Fever - pathology; Fever - virology; Humans; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hypertension - physiopathology; Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use; laboratory; Medical treatment; Meta-analysis; mild; Pneumonia; Prognosis; radiology; Respiratory distress syndrome; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - diagnosis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - physiopathology; Review; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity; SARS‐CoV‐2; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking - physiopathology; Survival Analysis; symptomatology; Systematic review
• ISSN: 1052-9276; 1099-1654
• DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2288

Summary SARS Coronavirus‐2 is one of the most widespread viruses globally during the 21st century, whose severity and ability to cause severe pneumonia and death vary. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of all studies that met our standardised criteria and then extracted data on the age, symptoms, and different treatments of Covid‐19 patients and the prognosis of this disease during follow‐up. Cases in this study were divided according to severity and death status and meta‐analysed separately using raw mean and single proportion methods. We included 171 complete studies including 62,909 confirmed cases of Covid‐19, of which 148 studies were meta‐analysed. Symptoms clearly emerged in an escalating manner from mild‐moderate symptoms, pneumonia, severe‐critical to the group of non‐survivors. Hypertension (Pooled proportion (PP): 0.48 [95% Confident interval (CI): 0.35–0.61]), diabetes (PP: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.16–0.33]) and smoking (PP: 0.12 [95% CI: 0.03–0.38]) were highest regarding pre‐infection comorbidities in the non‐survivor group. While acute respiratory distress syndrome (PP: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.29–0.78]), (PP: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.34–0.97]) remained one of the most common complications in the severe and death group respectively. Bilateral ground‐glass opacification (PP: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.59–0.75]) was the most visible radiological image. The mortality rates estimated (PP: 0.11 [95% CI: 0.06–0.19]), (PP: 0.03 [95% CI: 0.01–0.05]), and (PP: 0.01 [95% CI: 0–0.3]) in severe‐critical, pneumonia and mild‐moderate groups respectively. This study can serve as a high evidence guideline for different clinical presentations of Covid‐19, graded from mild to severe, and for special forms like pneumonia and death groups.