Brain Health in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Risk and Protective Factors

Purpose of Review To synthesize findings from studies of neurocognitive complications in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and highlight potential risk and protective factors. Recent Findings Emerging evidence suggests that hyperglycemia and time in range may be more important for brain developmen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current diabetes reports 2021-04, Vol.21 (4), p.12-12, Article 12
Main Authors: Jaser, Sarah S., Jordan, Lori C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Child
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - complications
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - epidemiology
Executive function
Humans
Hypoglycemia - complications
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neuroimaging
Protective Factors
Psychosocial Aspects (SS Jaser
Risk Factors
Section Editor
Topical Collection on Psychosocial Aspects
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Summary:Purpose of Review To synthesize findings from studies of neurocognitive complications in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and highlight potential risk and protective factors. Recent Findings Emerging evidence suggests that hyperglycemia and time in range may be more important for brain development than episodes of hypoglycemia. Further, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the time of T1D diagnosis appears to be a particular risk factor for neurocognitive complications, particularly deficits in executive function skills and memory, with differences in cerebral white matter microstructure seen via advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods, and lower scores on measures of attention and memory observed among children who were diagnosed in DKA. Other factors that may influence neurocognitive development include child sleep, caregiver distress, and diabetes device use, presumably due to improved glycemic control. Summary We highlight neurocognitive risk and protective factors for children with T1D and priorities for future research in this high-risk population.
ISSN:1534-4827
1539-0829
DOI:10.1007/s11892-021-01380-w