Promising Antigens for the New Frontier of Targeted Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma

The incorporation of novel agents in recent treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved the clinical outcome of patients. Specifically, the approval of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) in relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) represents an important mile...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2021-12, Vol.13 (23), p.6136
Main Authors: Cho, Shih-Feng, Xing, Lijie, Anderson, Kenneth C, Tai, Yu-Tzu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine
Antibodies
Antigen (tumor-associated)
Antigens
Bispecific antibodies
Bone marrow
CD38 antigen
Cell differentiation
Cell growth
Chimeric antigen receptors
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Drug resistance
Effector cells
FDA approval
Immunology
Immunomodulation
Immunotherapy
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Microenvironments
Monoclonal antibodies
Multiple myeloma
Patients
Review
Tumors
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Summary:The incorporation of novel agents in recent treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved the clinical outcome of patients. Specifically, the approval of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) in relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) represents an important milestone in the development of targeted immunotherapy in MM. These MoAb-based agents significantly induce cytotoxicity of MM cells via multiple effector-dependent mechanisms and can further induce immunomodulation to repair a dysfunctional tumor immune microenvironment. Recently, targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), an even MM-specific antigen, has shown high therapeutic activities by chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), as well as bispecific antibody (BiAb), with some already approved for heavily pretreated RRMM patients. New antigens, such as orphan G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) and FcRH5, were identified and rapidly moved to ongoing clinical studies. We here summarized the pathobiological function of key MM antigens and the status of the corresponding immunotherapies. The potential challenges and emerging treatment strategies are also discussed.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers13236136