Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cytokine Storm Induced by Infectious Diseases

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic infection. A variety of cells participate in cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-11, Vol.22 (23), p.13009
Main Authors: Tang, Xi-Dian, Ji, Tian-Tian, Dong, Jia-Rui, Feng, Hao, Chen, Feng-Qiang, Chen, Xi, Zhao, Hui-Ying, Chen, De-Kun, Ma, Wen-Tao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use
Bacteria - immunology
Bacterial Infections - pathology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - pathology
Cytokine Release Syndrome - drug therapy
Cytokine Release Syndrome - pathology
Cytokine storm
Cytokines
Cytokines - blood
Cytokines - metabolism
Disseminated infection
Health services
Humans
Immune clearance
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Infectious diseases
Inflammation - pathology
Macrophages - immunology
Pathogens
Review
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Sepsis - microbiology
Sepsis - pathology
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic infection. A variety of cells participate in cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released during cytokine storm varying from disease to disease. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cytokine storm induction and progression induced by pathogenic invasive infectious diseases. Strategies for targeted treatment of various types of infection-induced cytokine storms are described from both host and pathogen perspectives. In summary, current studies indicate that cytokine storm-targeted therapies can effectively alleviate tissue damage while promoting the clearance of invading pathogens. Based on this premise, "multi-omics" immune system profiling should facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate cytokine storms caused by various diseases.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms222313009