Pedestrian dynamics at the running of the bulls evidence an inaccessible region in the fundamental diagram

We characterize the dynamics of runners in the famous “Running of the Bulls” Festival by computing the individual and global velocities and densities, as well as the crowd pressure. In contrast with all previously studied pedestrian systems, we unveil a unique regime in which speed increases with de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2021-12, Vol.118 (50), p.1-9
Main Authors: Parisi, Daniel R., Sartorio, Alan G., Colonnello, Joaquín R., Garcimartín, Angel, Pugnaloni, Luis A., Zuriguel, Iker
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Density
Pedestrian traffic flow
Physical Sciences
Running
Velocity
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Summary:We characterize the dynamics of runners in the famous “Running of the Bulls” Festival by computing the individual and global velocities and densities, as well as the crowd pressure. In contrast with all previously studied pedestrian systems, we unveil a unique regime in which speed increases with density that can be understood in terms of a time-dependent desired velocity of the runners. Also, we discover the existence of an inaccessible region in the speed–density state diagram that is explained by falls of runners. With all these ingredients, we propose a generalization of the pedestrian fundamental diagram for a scenario in which people with different desired speeds coexist.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2107827118