The Development of Leg Length Difference and Influence on Persistent Dysplasia in Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

• Published in: Indian journal of orthopaedics 2021-12, Vol.55 (6), p.1568-1575
• Main Authors: Tolk, Jaap J., Merchant, Rajiv, Eastwood, Deborah M., Buddhdev, Pranai, Hashemi-Nejad, Aresh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Conservative Orthopedics; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original; Original Article; Orthopedics; Surgical Orthopedics
• ISSN: 0019-5413; 1998-3727
• DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00492-5

Introduction Leg-length difference (LLD) is common in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). LLD of > 1 cm at skeletal maturity is reported in > 40% of patients, with the majority related to ipsilateral overgrowth. A longer DDH leg might lead to excessive mechanical loading at the acetabular margin, resulting in compromised acetabular development. We hypothesised that the LLD would negatively influence acetabular development. If so, it would be advantageous to identify such patients early in the course of follow-up, and address this if necessary. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on a consecutive series of DDH patients managed surgically at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom. We included patients with adequate long-leg radiographs at the age of 4–8 years (early-FU) and skeletal maturity (final-FU). Bilateral cases and those who underwent surgical procedures for hip dysplasia during the follow-up period were excluded. Measurements including leg length and centre-edge-angle (CE-angle) were obtained at the 2 time points. Results Twenty-seven patients were included, mean age at early-FU 5.7 (± 0.9) years, and 13.9 (± 1.0) years at final-FU. Mean LLD at early-FU was 9.5 (± 7.6) mm and 10.9 (± 9.4) mm at final-FU, p  = 0.337. Correlation between early- and final-FU LLD was 0.68 ( p