The Thermo-Oxidative Behavior of Cotton Coated with an Intumescent Flame Retardant Glycine-Derived Polyamidoamine: A Multi-Technique Study

Linear polyamidoamines (PAAs) derived from the polyaddition of natural α-amino acids and , '-methylene bis(acrylamide) are intumescent flame retardants for cotton. Among them, the glycine-derived M-GLY extinguished the flame in horizontal flame spread tests at 4% by weight add-on. This paper re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2021-12, Vol.13 (24), p.4382
Main Authors: Forte, Claudia, Alongi, Jenny, Beduini, Alessandro, Borsacchi, Silvia, Calucci, Lucia, Carosio, Federico, Ferruti, Paolo, Ranucci, Elisabetta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylamide
Air flow
Amino acids
Chromatography
Cotton
Cotton fabrics
Decomposition
Flame retardants
Fourier transforms
Glycine
Graphitization
Heating
Infrared spectroscopy
NMR
NMR spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Polymers
Raman spectroscopy
Residues
Scanning electron microscopy
Spectrum analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Summary:Linear polyamidoamines (PAAs) derived from the polyaddition of natural α-amino acids and , '-methylene bis(acrylamide) are intumescent flame retardants for cotton. Among them, the glycine-derived M-GLY extinguished the flame in horizontal flame spread tests at 4% by weight add-on. This paper reports on an extensive study aimed at understanding the molecular-level transformations of M-GLY-treated cotton upon heating in air at 300 °C, 350 °C and 420 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) identified different thermal-oxidative decomposition stages and, coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, allowed the volatile species released upon heating to be determined, revealing differences in the decomposition pattern of treated and untreated cotton. XPS analysis of the char residues of M-GLY-treated cotton revealed the formation of aromatic nanographitic char at lower temperature with respect to untreated cotton. Raman spectroscopy of the char residues provided indications on the degree of graphitization of treated and untreated cotton at the three reference temperatures. Solid state C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) provided information on the char structure as a function of the treatment temperature, clearly indicating that M-GLY favors the carbonization of cotton with the formation of more highly condensed aromatic structures.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym13244382