Designing an immunoinformatic vaccine for peri-implantitis using a structural biology approach

• Published in: Saudi journal of biological sciences 2022-01, Vol.29 (1), p.622-629
• Main Authors: Yadalam, Pradeep Kumar, Rengaraj, Santhiya, Mugri, Maryam H., Sayed, Mohammed, Porwal, Amit, Alahmari, Nasser Mesfer, Alzahrani, Khaled M., Robaian, Ali, Baeshen, Hosam Ali, Patil, Shankargouda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: CXCR4; Immunoinformatics approach; Multi-epitope vaccine; Original; Peri-implantitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
• ISSN: 1319-562X; 2213-7106
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.041

Peri-implantitis is a destructive inflammatory process that affects the soft and hard tissues around dental implants. porphyromonas gingivalis, an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium, appears to be the main culprit. Since there is no efficient and specific vaccine to treat peri-implantitis, the goal of our research has been to develop a multi-epitope vaccination utilizing an immunoinformatics approach that targeted P. gingivalis type I fim A. P. gingivalis peptides 6JKZ and 6KMF are suitable for vaccine development. B- and T-cell epitopes from 6KMF and 6JKZ were detected and evaluated based on critical factors to produce a multi-epitope vaccine construct. It was assessed based on allergenicity, antigenicity, stability. The vaccine's dual major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I and MHC-II) binding epitopes allowed it to reach a larger population. P. gingivalis fimbriae induce immune subversion through TLR -CXCR4 receptor complex pathway. The ClusPro 2.0 server was used to do the molecular docking using TLR2 - CXCR4 and vaccine epitopes as receptor and ligand respectively. The designed vaccine was non-allergenic and had a high antigenicity, solubility, and stability. The 3D structure of the vaccine revealed strong interaction with CXCR4(TLR2) using molecular docking. The vaccine-CXCR4 interface was more consistent, possibly because the vaccination has a higher affinity for the CXCR4-TLR2 complex. This study details the vaccine's distinct and sustained interaction with the CXCR4(TLR2) immunological receptor and its consistent and effective utterance in the bacterial system. As a result, our vaccine formulation will evoke a significant memory response and induce an adaptive immune response against P. gingivalis.