The Roles of Coenzyme Q in Disease: Direct and Indirect Involvement in Cellular Functions

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-12, Vol.23 (1), p.128
Main Authors: Pallotti, Francesco, Bergamini, Christian, Lamperti, Costanza, Fato, Romana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Animals
Apoptosis
Ataxia - metabolism
Bioenergetics
Biosynthesis
Cell death
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Cell membranes
Cell Respiration - physiology
Coenzyme Q
Cytochrome
Dehydrogenases
Electron transport
Enzymes
Ferroptosis
Free radicals
Humans
Hypotheses
Ischemia
Lipid peroxidation
Lipid Peroxidation - physiology
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
Membranes
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial Diseases - metabolism
Muscle Weakness - metabolism
Oxidation
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Ubiquinone - analogs & derivatives
Ubiquinone - deficiency
Ubiquinone - metabolism
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Summary:Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. Recently, it has been proposed that coenzyme Q contributes to suppressing ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we report the latest hypotheses and theories analyzing the multiple functions of coenzyme Q. The complete knowledge of the various cellular CoQ functions is essential to provide a rational basis for its possible therapeutic use, not only in diseases characterized by primary CoQ deficiency, but also in large number of diseases in which its secondary deficiency has been found.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23010128