Loading…

Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films

the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) all...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2021-12, Vol.15 (1), p.29
Main Authors: Lai, Bo-Wei, Chang, Yin-Yu, Shieh, Tzong-Ming, Huang, Heng-Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13
container_end_page
container_issue 1
container_start_page 29
container_title Materials
container_volume 15
creator Lai, Bo-Wei
Chang, Yin-Yu
Shieh, Tzong-Ming
Huang, Heng-Li
description the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively re
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ma15010029
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8745842</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2618906706</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUtLxDAUhYMoKurGHyAFNyJUb5o0aTaCM_gCHwvHjZuQJqlG2mZMUmH-vZXxfTf3wv04HM5BaBfDESECjjuFS8AAhVhBm1gIlmNB6eqvewPtxPgC4xCCq0Ksow1SAgjM8SZ6mDivfTdXydWudWmRqd5kN04HH1MYdBqCzScqWpPdp2BjzE571S6ijZlvspm7rR_DTGXTUcJHl2x27toubqO1RrXR7nzuLfRwfjabXubXdxdX09PrXFNgKWeKU-C6Bi0os6wRNQVRAzNGE2IqXRquK61FUTWmYqTEnNdaMKFq05jCYrKFTpa686HurNG2T0G1ch5cp8JCeuXk30_vnuWTf5MVp2VFi1Hg4FMg-NfBxiQ7F7VtW9VbP0RZMFwJYBzYiO7_Q1_8EMYwllRBSw5ipA6X1EeAMdjm2wwG-VGY_ClshPd-2_9Gv-oh7wkBkYM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2618245709</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Lai, Bo-Wei ; Chang, Yin-Yu ; Shieh, Tzong-Ming ; Huang, Heng-Li</creator><creatorcontrib>Lai, Bo-Wei ; Chang, Yin-Yu ; Shieh, Tzong-Ming ; Huang, Heng-Li</creatorcontrib><description>the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the layered coatings. TiNbZrTa series films deposited using cathodic arc evaporation had excellent biocompatibility with titanium alloys, particularly in regard to soft tissue cells, which exhibited an active performance. The finite element analysis verified that the TiNb interlayer can reduce the stress concentration inside TiNbZrTa series films, increasing their suitability for application in biomedical implants in the future.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma15010029</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35009171</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alkaline phosphatase ; Antibiotics ; Arc deposition ; Biocompatibility ; Biomedical materials ; Carbon dioxide ; Cathodic coating (process) ; Cell culture ; Coatings ; Composite materials ; Computer simulation ; Corrosion ; Cytotoxicity ; Dental implants ; Dental materials ; Differentiation (biology) ; Evaporation ; Experiments ; Fibronectin ; Finite element method ; Gene expression ; Human performance ; Image transmission ; Interlayers ; Mechanical properties ; Morphology ; Niobium ; Nitrogen ; Oxidation ; Phosphatase ; Protective coatings ; Stress concentration ; Surface treatment ; Surgical implants ; Three dimensional models ; Titanium alloys ; Titanium base alloys</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-12, Vol.15 (1), p.29</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8014-8248 ; 0000-0003-1759-9120</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2618245709/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2618245709?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35009171$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lai, Bo-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yin-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shieh, Tzong-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Heng-Li</creatorcontrib><title>Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the layered coatings. TiNbZrTa series films deposited using cathodic arc evaporation had excellent biocompatibility with titanium alloys, particularly in regard to soft tissue cells, which exhibited an active performance. The finite element analysis verified that the TiNb interlayer can reduce the stress concentration inside TiNbZrTa series films, increasing their suitability for application in biomedical implants in the future.</description><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Arc deposition</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Cathodic coating (process)</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Coatings</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dental implants</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Differentiation (biology)</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fibronectin</subject><subject>Finite element method</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Human performance</subject><subject>Image transmission</subject><subject>Interlayers</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Niobium</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Protective coatings</subject><subject>Stress concentration</subject><subject>Surface treatment</subject><subject>Surgical implants</subject><subject>Three dimensional models</subject><subject>Titanium alloys</subject><subject>Titanium base alloys</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtLxDAUhYMoKurGHyAFNyJUb5o0aTaCM_gCHwvHjZuQJqlG2mZMUmH-vZXxfTf3wv04HM5BaBfDESECjjuFS8AAhVhBm1gIlmNB6eqvewPtxPgC4xCCq0Ksow1SAgjM8SZ6mDivfTdXydWudWmRqd5kN04HH1MYdBqCzScqWpPdp2BjzE571S6ijZlvspm7rR_DTGXTUcJHl2x27toubqO1RrXR7nzuLfRwfjabXubXdxdX09PrXFNgKWeKU-C6Bi0os6wRNQVRAzNGE2IqXRquK61FUTWmYqTEnNdaMKFq05jCYrKFTpa686HurNG2T0G1ch5cp8JCeuXk30_vnuWTf5MVp2VFi1Hg4FMg-NfBxiQ7F7VtW9VbP0RZMFwJYBzYiO7_Q1_8EMYwllRBSw5ipA6X1EeAMdjm2wwG-VGY_ClshPd-2_9Gv-oh7wkBkYM</recordid><startdate>20211221</startdate><enddate>20211221</enddate><creator>Lai, Bo-Wei</creator><creator>Chang, Yin-Yu</creator><creator>Shieh, Tzong-Ming</creator><creator>Huang, Heng-Li</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-8248</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-9120</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211221</creationdate><title>Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films</title><author>Lai, Bo-Wei ; Chang, Yin-Yu ; Shieh, Tzong-Ming ; Huang, Heng-Li</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Arc deposition</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Cathodic coating (process)</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Coatings</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Corrosion</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Dental implants</topic><topic>Dental materials</topic><topic>Differentiation (biology)</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Fibronectin</topic><topic>Finite element method</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Human performance</topic><topic>Image transmission</topic><topic>Interlayers</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Niobium</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Phosphatase</topic><topic>Protective coatings</topic><topic>Stress concentration</topic><topic>Surface treatment</topic><topic>Surgical implants</topic><topic>Three dimensional models</topic><topic>Titanium alloys</topic><topic>Titanium base alloys</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lai, Bo-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yin-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shieh, Tzong-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Heng-Li</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lai, Bo-Wei</au><au>Chang, Yin-Yu</au><au>Shieh, Tzong-Ming</au><au>Huang, Heng-Li</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-12-21</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>29</spage><pages>29-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the layered coatings. TiNbZrTa series films deposited using cathodic arc evaporation had excellent biocompatibility with titanium alloys, particularly in regard to soft tissue cells, which exhibited an active performance. The finite element analysis verified that the TiNb interlayer can reduce the stress concentration inside TiNbZrTa series films, increasing their suitability for application in biomedical implants in the future.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35009171</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma15010029</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-8248</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-9120</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1996-1944
ispartof Materials, 2021-12, Vol.15 (1), p.29
issn 1996-1944
1996-1944
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8745842
source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Alkaline phosphatase
Antibiotics
Arc deposition
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Carbon dioxide
Cathodic coating (process)
Cell culture
Coatings
Composite materials
Computer simulation
Corrosion
Cytotoxicity
Dental implants
Dental materials
Differentiation (biology)
Evaporation
Experiments
Fibronectin
Finite element method
Gene expression
Human performance
Image transmission
Interlayers
Mechanical properties
Morphology
Niobium
Nitrogen
Oxidation
Phosphatase
Protective coatings
Stress concentration
Surface treatment
Surgical implants
Three dimensional models
Titanium alloys
Titanium base alloys
title Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T00%3A54%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biocompatibility%20and%20Microstructure-Based%20Stress%20Analyses%20of%20TiNbZrTa%20Composite%20Films&rft.jtitle=Materials&rft.au=Lai,%20Bo-Wei&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.pages=29-&rft.issn=1996-1944&rft.eissn=1996-1944&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ma15010029&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2618906706%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-6a7407cb0c946e6f9b409b06ddc33d8c5d7c8cc928fd8635177bc969abdfd2e13%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2618245709&rft_id=info:pmid/35009171&rfr_iscdi=true