Checkpoint Inhibitors in Multiple Myeloma: Intriguing Potential and Unfulfilled Promises

Immune dysregulation and alteration of the bone marrow microenvironment allowing plasma cells to escape immune surveillance are well-known factors associated with the proliferation of clonal plasma cells and development of multiple myeloma (MM). Whilst immunotherapeutic approaches are now commonplac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2021-12, Vol.14 (1), p.113
Main Authors: Alkharabsheh, Omar, Trisel, Zachary, Badami, Sunil, Aljama, Mohammed A, Sidiqi, M Hasib
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Bone marrow
Cancer therapies
Cell proliferation
Chemotherapy
Clinical trials
Cytotoxicity
FDA approval
Gene expression
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune system
Immunoglobulins
Immunology
Immunomodulation
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunosurveillance
Kinases
Leukemia
Malignancy
Melanoma
Microenvironments
Monoclonal antibodies
Multiple myeloma
Mutation
Plasma
Plasma cells
Proteins
Remission
Review
Side effects
Stem cell transplantation
Toxicity
Tumors
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Summary:Immune dysregulation and alteration of the bone marrow microenvironment allowing plasma cells to escape immune surveillance are well-known factors associated with the proliferation of clonal plasma cells and development of multiple myeloma (MM). Whilst immunotherapeutic approaches are now commonplace in a wide spectrum of malignancies, this aberration of myeloma development gives rise to the biological rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in MM. However, the initial experience with these agents has been challenging with limited single agent efficacy, significant toxicity, and side effects. Herein, we review the biological and immunological aspects of MM and ICIs. We discuss the basic biology of immune checkpoint inhibitors, mechanisms of resistance, and drug failure patterns, review the published clinical trial data for ICIs in MM, and look towards the future of ICIs for MM treatment.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14010113