Epigenetics in the Uterine Environment: How Maternal Diet and ART May Influence the Epigenome in the Offspring with Long-Term Health Consequences

The societal burden of non-communicable disease is closely linked with environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviours, including the adherence to a poor maternal diet from the earliest preimplantation period of the life course onwards. Epigenetic variations caused by a compromised maternal nutriti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes 2021-12, Vol.13 (1), p.31
Main Authors: Peral-Sanchez, Irene, Hojeij, Batoul, Ojeda, Diego A, Steegers-Theunissen, Régine P M, Willaime-Morawek, Sandrine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Animals
Arsenic
Birth weight
Diet
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Disease
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - genetics
Embryogenesis
Embryonic Development - genetics
Embryos
Environmental conditions
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Epigenetics
Epigenome - genetics
Female
Folic acid
Gene expression
Genomes
Genotype & phenotype
High fat diet
High protein diet
Histones
Humans
Hypotheses
Lifestyles
Low fat diet
Low protein diet
Mammals
Metabolism
MicroRNAs
Nutrient deficiency
Nutritional status
Offspring
Physiology
Pregnancy
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted - adverse effects
Reproductive technologies
Review
Undernutrition
Uterus
Uterus - physiology
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Summary:The societal burden of non-communicable disease is closely linked with environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviours, including the adherence to a poor maternal diet from the earliest preimplantation period of the life course onwards. Epigenetic variations caused by a compromised maternal nutritional status can affect embryonic development. This review summarises the main epigenetic modifications in mammals, especially DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA. These epigenetic changes can compromise the health of the offspring later in life. We discuss different types of nutritional stressors in human and animal models, such as maternal undernutrition, seasonal diets, low-protein diet, high-fat diet, and synthetic folic acid supplement use, and how these nutritional exposures epigenetically affect target genes and their outcomes. In addition, we review the concept of thrifty genes during the preimplantation period, and some examples that relate to epigenetic change and diet. Finally, we discuss different examples of maternal diets, their effect on outcomes, and their relationship with assisted reproductive technology (ART), including their implications on epigenetic modifications.
ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes13010031