Cyanogenesis in the Sorghum Genus: From Genotype to Phenotype

Domestication has resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in our major food crops, leading to susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses linked with climate change. Crop wild relatives (CWR) may provide a source of novel genes potentially important for re-gaining climate resilience. is an importa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes 2022-01, Vol.13 (1), p.140
Main Authors: Cowan, Max, Møller, Birger Lindberg, Norton, Sally, Knudsen, Camilla, Crocoll, Christoph, Furtado, Agnelo, Henry, Robert, Blomstedt, Cecilia, Gleadow, Roslyn M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosynthesis
Climate change
Cyanogenesis
CYP79A1 gene
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism
Domestication
Endemic species
Flowers & plants
Gene regulation
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Genotype
Genotypes
Glycosides - metabolism
Herbivores
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Cyanide - metabolism
Nitriles - metabolism
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Protein biosynthesis
Sorghum
Sorghum - genetics
Sorghum - growth & development
Sorghum - metabolism
Sorghum bicolor
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Summary:Domestication has resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in our major food crops, leading to susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses linked with climate change. Crop wild relatives (CWR) may provide a source of novel genes potentially important for re-gaining climate resilience. is an important cereal crop with wild relatives that are endemic to Australia. is cyanogenic, but the cyanogenic status of wild species is not well known. In this study, leaves of wild species endemic in Australia are screened for the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. The direct measurement of dhurrin content and the potential for dhurrin-derived HCN release (HCNp) showed that all the tested Australian wild species were essentially phenotypically acyanogenic. The unexpected low dhurrin content may reflect the variable and generally nutrient-poor environments in which they are growing in nature. Genome sequencing of six CWR and PCR amplification of the gene from additional species showed that a high conservation of key amino acids is required for correct protein function and dhurrin synthesis, pointing to the transcriptional regulation of the cyanogenic phenotype in wild sorghum as previously shown in elite sorghum.
ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes13010140