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Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study
Anosmia or hyposmia, often accompanied by changes in taste, is recognized as a common symptom that can assist in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. MR imaging represents a useful anatomic imaging me...
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Published in: | American journal of neuroradiology : AJNR 2021-12, Vol.42 (12), p.2207-2214 |
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creator | Altunisik, E Baykan, A H Sahin, S Aydin, E Erturk, S M |
description | Anosmia or hyposmia, often accompanied by changes in taste, is recognized as a common symptom that can assist in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. MR imaging represents a useful anatomic imaging method for the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction associated with varying etiologies, including viral infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative processes. This case-control study was conducted to compare quantitative measurements of olfactory anatomic structures between patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated with persistent olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls.
This study has a retrospective design. Cranial MR imaging was performed on all participants in both the patient and control groups. The bilateral olfactory bulb volume, olfactory tract length, and olfactory sulcus depth were measured in all patients.
A total of 116 people aged 18-60 years, including 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 controls, were included in the study. All measured values were compared between the patient and control groups. The right, left, and total olfactory bulb volume values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The patient group also had significantly lower right and left olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory tract length values compared with those in the control group.
MR imaging findings can be used to demonstrate olfactory injury in patients with COVID-19. The olfactory pathway may represent an alternative route for virus entry into the central nervous system. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3174/ajnr.A7278 |
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This study has a retrospective design. Cranial MR imaging was performed on all participants in both the patient and control groups. The bilateral olfactory bulb volume, olfactory tract length, and olfactory sulcus depth were measured in all patients.
A total of 116 people aged 18-60 years, including 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 controls, were included in the study. All measured values were compared between the patient and control groups. The right, left, and total olfactory bulb volume values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The patient group also had significantly lower right and left olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory tract length values compared with those in the control group.
MR imaging findings can be used to demonstrate olfactory injury in patients with COVID-19. The olfactory pathway may represent an alternative route for virus entry into the central nervous system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-6108</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1936-959X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7278</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34556477</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society of Neuroradiology</publisher><subject>Case-Control Studies ; COVID-19 ; Head & Neck ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2</subject><ispartof>American journal of neuroradiology : AJNR, 2021-12, Vol.42 (12), p.2207-2214</ispartof><rights>2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.</rights><rights>2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology 2021 American Journal of Neuroradiology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-4b8c3a59fe2b232cfb69108f03821ffdcba2dbd41c9d0da00df81593f631da823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-4b8c3a59fe2b232cfb69108f03821ffdcba2dbd41c9d0da00df81593f631da823</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9281-652X ; 0000-0003-0907-3647 ; 0000-0002-5996-2090 ; 0000-0003-4086-675X ; 0000-0001-6920-4317</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8805742/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8805742/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34556477$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Altunisik, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baykan, A H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aydin, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erturk, S M</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study</title><title>American journal of neuroradiology : AJNR</title><addtitle>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</addtitle><description>Anosmia or hyposmia, often accompanied by changes in taste, is recognized as a common symptom that can assist in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. MR imaging represents a useful anatomic imaging method for the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction associated with varying etiologies, including viral infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative processes. This case-control study was conducted to compare quantitative measurements of olfactory anatomic structures between patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated with persistent olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls.
This study has a retrospective design. Cranial MR imaging was performed on all participants in both the patient and control groups. The bilateral olfactory bulb volume, olfactory tract length, and olfactory sulcus depth were measured in all patients.
A total of 116 people aged 18-60 years, including 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 controls, were included in the study. All measured values were compared between the patient and control groups. The right, left, and total olfactory bulb volume values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The patient group also had significantly lower right and left olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory tract length values compared with those in the control group.
MR imaging findings can be used to demonstrate olfactory injury in patients with COVID-19. The olfactory pathway may represent an alternative route for virus entry into the central nervous system.</description><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Head & Neck</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><issn>0195-6108</issn><issn>1936-959X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVkctKAzEUhoMoWi8bH0CyFGE0l8lk4kIo9VZQi1bFXcjkUiNzqZOMMG9va1V0dRbn4zs_5wdgH6Njinl6ot7q9njICc_XwAALmiWCiZd1MEBYsCTDKN8C2yG8IYSY4GQTbNGUsSzlfADu7jtVRx9V9B8WDmtV9sEH2DgYXy2clE7p2LQ9nPYh2gr6Go4mz-PzBIvTBQ1vH-C4UjNfz-A0dqbfBRtOlcHufc8d8HR58Ti6Tm4mV-PR8CbRKRYxSYtcU8WEs6QglGhXZGIR0yGaE-yc0YUipjAp1sIgoxAyLsdMUJdRbFRO6A44W3nnXVFZo20dW1XKeesr1fayUV7-39T-Vc6aD5nniPF0KTj8FrTNe2dDlJUP2palqm3TBUkYzzLGhWAL9GiF6rYJobXu9wxGclmAXBYgvwpYwAd_g_2iPx-nn7IJgg8</recordid><startdate>202112</startdate><enddate>202112</enddate><creator>Altunisik, E</creator><creator>Baykan, A H</creator><creator>Sahin, S</creator><creator>Aydin, E</creator><creator>Erturk, S M</creator><general>American Society of Neuroradiology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-652X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-3647</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-2090</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-675X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-4317</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202112</creationdate><title>Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study</title><author>Altunisik, E ; Baykan, A H ; Sahin, S ; Aydin, E ; Erturk, S M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-4b8c3a59fe2b232cfb69108f03821ffdcba2dbd41c9d0da00df81593f631da823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Head & Neck</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Altunisik, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baykan, A H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aydin, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erturk, S M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of neuroradiology : AJNR</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Altunisik, E</au><au>Baykan, A H</au><au>Sahin, S</au><au>Aydin, E</au><au>Erturk, S M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study</atitle><jtitle>American journal of neuroradiology : AJNR</jtitle><addtitle>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</addtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2207</spage><epage>2214</epage><pages>2207-2214</pages><issn>0195-6108</issn><eissn>1936-959X</eissn><abstract>Anosmia or hyposmia, often accompanied by changes in taste, is recognized as a common symptom that can assist in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. MR imaging represents a useful anatomic imaging method for the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction associated with varying etiologies, including viral infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative processes. This case-control study was conducted to compare quantitative measurements of olfactory anatomic structures between patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated with persistent olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls.
This study has a retrospective design. Cranial MR imaging was performed on all participants in both the patient and control groups. The bilateral olfactory bulb volume, olfactory tract length, and olfactory sulcus depth were measured in all patients.
A total of 116 people aged 18-60 years, including 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 controls, were included in the study. All measured values were compared between the patient and control groups. The right, left, and total olfactory bulb volume values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The patient group also had significantly lower right and left olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory tract length values compared with those in the control group.
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subjects | Case-Control Studies COVID-19 Head & Neck Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 |
title | Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study |
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