Acute haemorrhage rate in 28,000 Out-of-Hours CT heads

• Published in: British journal of radiology 2022-02, Vol.95 (1130), p.20210580-20210580
• Main Authors: Hocking, Katherine C, Wright, Catriona R, Alhun, Utku, Hughes, Frances, Balian, Vartan J, Kabuli, Mohammed A K, Tse, George, McGonnell, Maria, Chopra, Annu, Kotnis, Nikhil, Connelly, Daniel, Alabed, Samer
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; After-Hours Care - statistics & numerical data; After-Hours Care - trends; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants - therapeutic use; Craniocerebral Trauma - complications; Craniocerebral Trauma - epidemiology; Factor Xa Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages - diagnostic imaging; Intracranial Hemorrhages - drug therapy; Intracranial Hemorrhages - epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - statistics & numerical data; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - trends; Trauma Centers - statistics & numerical data; United Kingdom - epidemiology; Warfarin - therapeutic use; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0007-1285; 1748-880X
• DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210580

The aim of this paper is to assess the acute haemorrhage rate in patients who had CT head investigation out-of-hours with and without trauma and compare the rates of haemorrhage between warfarin and DOACs, at a busy teritary teaching hospital. All CT heads performed between January 2008 and December 2019 were identified from the radiology information system (RIS) at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (STH), with the requesting information being available from January 2015. The clinical information was assessed for the mention of trauma or anticoagulation, and the reports were categorised into acute and non-acute findings. Between 2008 and 2019 the number of scans increased by 63%, with scans performed out of hours increasing by 278%. Between 2015 and 2019, the incidence of acute ICH was similar over the 5-year period, averaging at 6.9% and ranging from 6.1 to 7.6%. The rate of detection of acute haemorrhage following trauma was greater in those not anticoagulated (6.8%), compared with patients on anticoagulants such as warfarin (5.2%) or DOACs (2.8%). Over 12 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of CT heads performed at STH. The rate of ICH has remained steady over the last 5 years indicating a justified increase in imaging demand. However, the incidence of ICH in patients prescribed DOACs is lower than the general population and those on warfarin. This finding in a large centre should prompt discussion of the risk of bleeding with DOACs in relation to CT head imaging guidelines.