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Evolution and Diversity of Bat and Rodent Paramyxoviruses from North America

Paramyxoviruses are a diverse group of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of which several species cause significant mortality and morbidity. In recent years the collection of paramyxovirus sequences detected in wild mammals has substantially grown; however, little is known about paramyxovi...

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Published in:Journal of virology 2022-02, Vol.96 (3), p.e0109821-e0109821
Main Authors: Larsen, Brendan B, Gryseels, Sophie, Otto, Hans W, Worobey, Michael
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description Paramyxoviruses are a diverse group of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of which several species cause significant mortality and morbidity. In recent years the collection of paramyxovirus sequences detected in wild mammals has substantially grown; however, little is known about paramyxovirus diversity in North American mammals. To better understand natural paramyxovirus diversity, host range, and host specificity, we sought to comprehensively characterize paramyxoviruses across a range of diverse cooccurring wild small mammals in southern Arizona. We used highly degenerate primers to screen fecal and urine samples and obtained a total of 55 paramyxovirus sequences from 12 rodent species and 6 bat species. We also performed Illumina transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and assembly on 14 of the positive samples to recover a total of 5 near-full-length viral genomes. We show there are at least two clades of rodent-borne paramyxoviruses in Arizona, while bat-associated paramyxoviruses formed a putative single clade. Using structural homology modeling of the viral attachment protein, we infer that three of the five novel viruses likely bind sialic acid in a manner similar to other respiroviruses, while the other two viruses from heteromyid rodents likely bind a novel host receptor. We find no evidence for cross-species transmission, even among closely related sympatric host species. Taken together, these data suggest paramyxoviruses are a common viral infection in some bat and rodent species present in North America and illuminate the evolution of these viruses. There are a number of viral lineages that are potential zoonotic threats to humans. One of these, paramyxoviruses have jumped into humans multiple times from wild and domestic animals. We conducted one of the largest viral surveys of wild mammals in the United States to better understand paramyxovirus diversity and evolution.
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source Open Access: PubMed Central; American Society for Microbiology Journals
subjects Amino Acid Sequence
Animal Diseases - diagnosis
Animal Diseases - epidemiology
Animal Diseases - virology
Animals
Arizona - epidemiology
Biodiversity
Biological Evolution
Chiroptera - virology
Evolution
Genetic Diversity and Evolution
Genome, Viral
Genomics - methods
Geography, Medical
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Host Specificity
Humans
Models, Molecular
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques - methods
North America - epidemiology
Paramyxoviridae - classification
Paramyxoviridae - genetics
Paramyxoviridae Infections - veterinary
Phylogeny
Protein Binding
Receptors, Virus - chemistry
Receptors, Virus - metabolism
Respirovirus - classification
Respirovirus - genetics
Respirovirus Infections - veterinary
RNA, Viral
Rodentia - virology
Spotlight
title Evolution and Diversity of Bat and Rodent Paramyxoviruses from North America
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