Chemokine Receptor-Targeted Therapies: Special Case for CCR8

Immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors (CBIs) targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and program death receptor-1 (PD-1) or its ligand-1 (PD-L1) have transformed the outlook of many patients with cancer. This remarkable progress has highlighted, from the translational point of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2022-01, Vol.14 (3), p.511
Main Author: Moser, Bernhard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Cancer
CCR8 protein
Cell adhesion & migration
Chemokine receptors
Chemokines
Chronic illnesses
CTLA-4 protein
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Disease
Fibroblasts
Homeostasis
Immune checkpoint
Immune system
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Macrophages
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Neutrophils
PD-1 protein
PD-L1 protein
Proteins
Review
Suppressor cells
Translation
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
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Summary:Immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors (CBIs) targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and program death receptor-1 (PD-1) or its ligand-1 (PD-L1) have transformed the outlook of many patients with cancer. This remarkable progress has highlighted, from the translational point of view, the importance of immune cells in the control of tumor progression. There is still room for improvement, since current CBI therapies benefit a minority of patients. Moreover, interference with immune checkpoint receptors frequently causes immune related adverse events (irAEs) with life-threatening consequences in some of the patients. Immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including intratumoral regulatory T (Treg) cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), contribute to tumor progression and correlate with a negative disease outlook. Recent reports revealed the selective expression of the chemokine receptor CCR8 on tumor Treg cells, making CCR8 a promising target in translational research. In this review, I summarize our current knowledge about the cellular distribution and function of CCR8 in physiological and pathophysiological processes. The discussion includes an assessment of how the removal of CCR8-expressing cells might affect both anti-tumor immunity as well as immune homeostasis at remote sites. Based on these considerations, CCR8 appears to be a promising novel target to be considered in future translational research.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14030511