Recent Advances on Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biology for the Diagnosis of Adnexal Sweat Gland Tumors

Cutaneous sweat gland tumors are a subset of adnexal neoplasms that derive or differentiate into the sweat apparatus. Their great diversity, rarity, and complex terminology make their pathological diagnosis challenging. Recent findings have revealed a wide spectrum of oncogenic drivers, several of w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2022-01, Vol.14 (3), p.476
Main Authors: Macagno, Nicolas, Sohier, Pierre, Kervarrec, Thibault, Pissaloux, Daniel, Jullie, Marie-Laure, Cribier, Bernard, Battistella, Maxime
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenoid
Adenoma
Biomarkers
Breast
Bronchus
Cancer
Carcinoma
Cell cycle
Diagnosis
Exocrine glands
FLI-1 protein
Genes
Immunohistochemistry
Life Sciences
Molecular biology
Morphology
Mutation
Mutation hot spots
NF-κB protein
Review
Salivary gland
Sweat
Sweat gland
Tumors
Yes-associated protein
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Summary:Cutaneous sweat gland tumors are a subset of adnexal neoplasms that derive or differentiate into the sweat apparatus. Their great diversity, rarity, and complex terminology make their pathological diagnosis challenging. Recent findings have revealed a wide spectrum of oncogenic drivers, several of which are of diagnostic interest for pathologists. Most of these molecular alterations are represented by gene fusions, which are shared with other homologous neoplasms occurring in organs containing exocrine glands, such as salivary and breast glands, which show similarities to the sweat apparatus. This review aims to provide a synthesis of the most recent immunohistochemical and molecular markers used for the diagnosis of sweat gland tumors and to highlight their relationship with similar tumors in other organs. It will cover adenoid cystic carcinoma ( , and fusion), cutaneous mixed tumor ( fusion), cylindroma and spiradenoma and their carcinomas thereof (NF-κB activation through inactivation or hotspot mutation), hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma ( fusion), myoepithelioma ( and fusion), poroma and porocarcinoma ( , and fusion), secretory carcinoma ( , fusion), tubular adenoma and syringo-cystadenoma papilliferum ( and activating mutations). Sweat gland tumors for which there are no known molecular abnormalities will also be briefly discussed, as well as potential future developments.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14030476