Efficacy of Breast Milk Olfactory and Gustatory Interventions on Neonates' Biobehavioral Responses to Pain during Heel Prick Procedures

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of breast milk odor either alone or in combination with breast milk taste (via syringe-feeding) to alleviate neonates' biobehavioral responses to pain during heel-prick procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 114 neonates by c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-01, Vol.19 (3), p.1240
Main Authors: Lin, Chiao-Hsuan, Liaw, Jen-Jiuan, Chen, Yu-Ting, Yin, Ti, Yang, Luke, Lan, Hsiang-Yun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analgesics
Apgar score
Babies
Behavior
Birth weight
Breast
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
Female
Health care facilities
Heart rate
Heel
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Injections
Medical screening
Milk, Human
Neonates
Newborn babies
Odor control
Odors
Oxygen content
Oxygen saturation
Pain
Pain - etiology
Pain management
Phlebotomy
Physiology
Prospective Studies
Smell - physiology
Sucrose
Taste
Voice control
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Summary:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of breast milk odor either alone or in combination with breast milk taste (via syringe-feeding) to alleviate neonates' biobehavioral responses to pain during heel-prick procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 114 neonates by convenience sampling from a newborn unit of a medical center in Taiwan. Neonates were randomly assigned to three groups: control (gentle touch + human voice), control + breast milk odor, and control + breast milk odor + breast milk taste. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and voice recordings of crying were measured across heel-prick procedures: baseline, no stimuli (stage 0); during heel prick (Stages 1-4); and recovery (Stages 5-10). Generalized estimating equations and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis compared differences in changes between groups for heart rate, oxygen saturation, and time to crying cessation. Changes in mean heart rate and oxygen saturation in neonates receiving breast milk odor or breast milk odor + breast milk taste were significantly less than those at the corresponding stage for the control group. Among neonates receiving breast milk odor or breast milk odor + breast milk taste, hazard rate ratios for crying cessation were 3.016 and 6.466, respectively. Mother's breast milk olfactory and gustatory interventions could stabilize the biobehavioral responses to pain during heel prick procedures in neonates.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph19031240