Physiologic Insulin Resensitization as a Treatment Modality for Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased from 2.5% of the US population in 1990 to 10.5% in 2018. This creates a major public health problem, due to increases in long-term complications of diabetes, including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, skin ulcers, amputations, and atherosclerotic cardiova...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-02, Vol.23 (3), p.1884
Main Authors: Greenway, Frank, Loveridge, Brian, Grimes, Richard M, Tucker, Tori R, Alexander, Michael, Hepford, Scott A, Fontenot, Justin, Nobles-James, Candi, Wilson, Carol, Starr, Adam M, Abdelsaid, Mohammed, Lewis, Stanley T, Lakey, Jonathan R T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Beta cells
Cardiology
Cardiovascular diseases
Clinical outcomes
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Glucagon
Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism
Health care
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Hypotheses
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Insulin secretion
Insulin Secretion - drug effects
Insulin, Regular, Human - pharmacology
Insulin, Regular, Human - therapeutic use
Ligands
Nephropathy
Pancreas
Pancreas - drug effects
Pancreas - metabolism
Pathophysiology
Peptides
Public health
Retinopathy
Review
Ulcers
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Summary:Prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased from 2.5% of the US population in 1990 to 10.5% in 2018. This creates a major public health problem, due to increases in long-term complications of diabetes, including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, skin ulcers, amputations, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review, we evaluated the scientific basis that supports the use of physiologic insulin resensitization. Insulin resistance is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance leads to increasing insulin secretion, leading to beta-cell exhaustion or burnout. This triggers a cascade leading to islet cell destruction and the long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. Concurrent with insulin resistance, the regular bursts of insulin from the pancreas become irregular. This has been treated by the precise administration of insulin more physiologically. There is consistent evidence that this treatment modality can reverse the diabetes-associated complications of neuropathy, diabetic ulcers, nephropathy, and retinopathy, and that it lowers HbA1c. In conclusion, physiologic insulin resensitization has a persuasive scientific basis, significant treatment potential, and likely cost benefits.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23031884